基于秸秆还田的小麦-玉米轮作体系施肥效应及其对土壤磷素有效性的影响

Effects of fertilization on crop yield and soil phosphorus availablity based on the returning straw

以淮北平原砂姜黑土区典型的小麦-玉米轮作体系为研究对象,采用田间小区定位试验,比较不同施肥处理对作物产量、土壤速效磷含量、全磷含量以及土壤中性磷酸酶活性的影响。结果表明：相对于NPK（全量化肥）处理,无论是秸秆还田还是秸秆还田配施有机肥处理的作物产量均有所增加,其中小麦产量增加8.0%~13.3%,玉米产量增加8.0%~21.7%;秸秆还田配施有机肥料的各处理与NPK处理相比,土壤速效磷和全磷含量、磷素活化系数及中性磷酸酶活性均显著增加,且秸秆与减量50%化肥和6 000 kg·hm-2猪粪有机肥配施的ST6处理土壤速效磷和全磷含量及中性磷酸酶活性均高于其他处理。结论：在秸秆还田的基础上,施用3 000~6 000 kg·hm-2有机肥料,减少30%~50%的化肥用量,对作物产量没有显著影响,且ST6处理是促进土壤磷素有效性增加的最佳有机无机配施方案。

Take typical wheat-maize rotation system of lime concretion black soil from Huaibei plain as an object, crop yield and soil phosphorus availability indicator in each treatment were measured for comparison. The results showed that wheat and maize yield could increase whether in the returning straw treatments or in the straw incorporation with organic manure treatment, and wheat yield increased 8.0%-13.3%, and maize yield increased 8.0%-21.7%,respectively compared with NPK treatment（ conventional fertilization）. Soil available phosphorus,total phosphorus, activation coefficient of phosphorus and neutral phosphatase activity significantly improved under the returning straw incorporation with organic manure compared with NPK treatment, and soil available phosphorus, total phosphorus and neutral phosphatase activity under the returning straw incorporation with reduction 50% chemical fertilizer and pig manure （6 000 kg. hm-2） were higher than the other treatments. Conclusion：Based on the returning straw to field, fertilizer 3 000- 6 000 kg. hm-2 organic manure to replace 30%- 50% chemical fertilizer had no efficiency on crop yield, and the returning straw incorporation with reduction 50% chemical fertilizer and pig manure（ 6 000 kg·hm-2） treatment was the best fertilizer design to promote phosphorus availability.