出口蔬菜花卉种苗基地的植物线虫种类调查和鉴定

Occurrence and species identification of nematode parasites of vegetables and horticultural plant seedlings in export plantations

2012年对江苏省连云港市、赣榆县、东海县、盐城市、大丰市、沭阳县、新沂市和山东省苍山县等地蔬菜花卉种苗出口基地植物寄生线虫种类的发生情况进行了调查。从19种植物的根围采集的65份样品中共分离到9属18种寄生线虫,依据形态学特征或SCAR-PCR分子特征鉴定了14个种,包括南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)、爪哇根结线虫(M.javanica)、花生根结线虫(M.arenaria)、北方根结线虫(M.hapla)、落选短体线虫(Pratylenchus neglectus)、六裂短体线虫(P.hexincisus)、刻尾螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus crenacauda)、双宫螺旋线虫(H.dihystera)、玉米矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus zeae)、等刺丝尾垫刃线虫(Filenchus equisetus)、小尾盾线虫(Scutellonema brachyurum)、裂片盘旋线虫(Rotylenchus lobatus)、喜悦平滑垫刃线虫(Psilenchus hilarulus)和燕麦真滑刃线虫(Aphelenchus avenae)。其中南方根结线虫在多地多种植物上发生危害,群体密度高,是出口农产品基地最主要的病原线虫;北方根结线虫发生较少,但在牛蒡中检出率较高,极大地限制了牛蒡的生产;此外,落选短体线虫、刻尾螺旋线虫、等刺丝尾垫刃线虫和燕麦真滑刃线虫等也分布较广,在多地多种蔬菜及花卉中均有发生,小尾盾线虫在连云港的菊花、蓬莱松、天门冬种苗上发生,不同程度地影响了各自寄主植物的品质和产量。

In 2012,investigations were carried out on parasitic nematodes of vegetables and horticultural plant seedlings in export plantations in Lianyungang, Ganyu, Donghai, Yancheng, Dafeng, Shuyang and Xinyi from Jiangsu Province and Cangshan from Shandong Province,China. Eighteen species of nine genera were extracted from 65 samples collected from rhizosphere of 19 plant varieties. Fourteen species were confirmed by morphological characters or SCAR-PCR markers, including Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica,M, arenaria,M, hapla,Pratylenchus neglectus,P, hexincisus,Helicotylenchus crenacauda,H, dihystera,Tylenchorhynchus zeae, Filenchus equisetus, Scutellonema brachyurum, Rotylenchus lobatus, Psilenchus hilarulus, Aphelenchus avenae. Among these, four common species of root-knot nematodes were all recovered. Meloldogyne incognita frequently occurred in different plantations and infected different plants with relatively high population densities, thus causing the greatest threat to export agricultural industry. M. hapla occurred rarely and was only detected in Arctium lappa whose production was seriouly affected. Pratylenchus neglectus, Helicotylenchus crenacauda, Filenchus equisetus and Aphelenchus avenae also frequently occurred in different plantations and infected several vegetables and horticultural plants. Scutellonema brachyurum occurred in Lianyungang and infected seedlings of Dendranthema morifolium,Asparagus myrioeladus and A. cochinchinensis. The qualities and yields of the host plants were damaged at different levels by these nematode species.