2012年富阳市城乡高血压流行病学调查及相关因素分析

An epidemiological survey on hypertension and risk factors in Fuyang during 2012

目的调查并分析富阳市常住人口的高血压发生率、知晓率以及治疗率、控制率,并分析高血压发生危险的发病因素,以便为本地区高血压的治疗与预防提供事实依据。方法根据富阳市的实际情况,在全市年龄18周岁及以上的常住人口随机抽取4131人。全部采用水银柱血压计测量血压,各项生化指标均由富阳市人民医采用STKS型血常规生化仪统一检测。采用Logistic回归分析该地区高血压发病的相关危险因素。结果高血压总患病率以及男、女患病率分别为41.08%、43.27%和39.60%,经χ2分析,男女高血压患病率差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.195,P=0.252)。城市高血压患病率为41.13%,农村为41.04%,两者比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.01,P=0.918)。本市女性随着年龄的增大,高血压的患病率呈现上升趋势,而男性的患病率则不随年龄波动。男女高血压知晓率差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.555,P=0.003),治疗率、控制率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.135,P=0.714;χ2=1.147,P=0.284)。城市与农村的患者知晓率和控制率水平相当,差异无统计学意义(χ2=4.413,P=0.336;χ2=4.353,P=0.337);而患者农村高血压治疗率低于城市,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.637,P=0.036)。经Logistic回归分析得,该地区高血压发生的相关危险因数包括年龄、体重指数、高钠饮食以及高血压家族史等(均P<0.01)。结论富阳市城乡人群高血压发生率较高,但其知晓率、治疗率、控制率均较低,高血压发生的危险因素包括年龄、体重指数、高钠饮食和高血压家族史。应加强普及高血压知识,加强健康教育,提升各类人群尤其是农村大龄妇女的知晓率、治疗率、控制率,提高高血压防治水平,降低高血压的发生率。

Objective To survey the prevalence of hypertension, rate of receiving treatment and control, and awareness of patients, analyze the risk factors of hypertension, and provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment of hypertension in the region. Methods In consideration of level of economy developing, population and location of the city Fuyang,4131 people aged more than 18 years old were selected by random sampling. The blood pressure was measured using the mercu- ry sphygmomanometer. The biochemical markers were tested by auto analyzer. The associated risk factors of hypertension were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis. Results The total incidence was 41.08%. The incidence in male and female were 43.27% and 39.60% , respectively, the difference was not significant（ X^2 = 1. 195, P = 0. 252）. The prevalence in urban and rural areas was 41. 13% and 41.04%, respectively, the difference was not significant （ X^2 = 0. 01, P = 0.918）. The prevalence of hypertension in female rose with the age,while not in the male. There were significant difference in awareness of hypertension between man and woman （ X^2 = 11. 555, P = 0. 003 ）, but there were no significant difference in the rate receiving treatment and control between man and woman（ X^2=0. 135 ,P = 0. 714;X^2 = 1. 147, P = 0. 284）. There was no significant difference in the rate of awareness and control of hypertension between urban and rural areas（ X^2 =4. 413,P =0. 336;X^2 = 4. 353 ,P = 0. 337）, but the rate receiving treatment in rural areas was significantly lower than that in urban areas （X^2 = 4.637, P = 0. 036 ）. The risk factors for hypertension age, BMI, high sodium diet and family history of hypertension by logistic regression analysis. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension is high in Fuyang, but the rate of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension is low. Age, BMI, high sodium diet and family history are the risk factors of hypertension. We should strengthen the popularization of knowledge and health education of hypertension, enhance the awareness, treatment and control rates in all people, especially the older women in rural areas, improve the prevention and treatment of hypertension, and reduce the incidence of hypertension.