尾矿规模化利用经济分析与实例

Economic Analysis and Cases of Large-scale Utilization of Tailings

矿产资源高强度开发带来了尾矿的大量排放。目前,国内尾矿堆存量已超过百亿t。尾矿中含有许多有用组分,特别是早年开采回收的水平低,大量有用组分被视为废物进入了尾矿库。随着经济社会快速发展,采选技术进步和矿产品价格高位运行使尾矿规模化利用成为可能。当前,尾矿规模化利用的关键点集中体现在经济性,需要加强经济分析,为企业开发利用尾矿资源提供参考。为此,通过构建尾矿规模化利用的经济分析模型,验算了国家首批示范基地铜陵有色集团公司尾矿综合利用项目因价格变动,生产由盈利转为亏损的实际情况;得出了当前矿产品价格是影响尾矿规模化利用的决定因素这一结论,建议国家应继续加大对尾矿综合利用的税收和财政政策支持,帮助企业渡过难关,实现尾矿利用的资源效益、经济效益、环境效益和社会效益的有效统一。

Huge exploitation of mineral resources results in amounts of discharged tailings. At present, the stock tailings are over ten billion tons in quantity. There are many useful compositions in tailings. Especially in the early years,large quantity of useful railings were treated as wastes and flowed into tailings pond due to the lower recovery. With the rapid development of economic society, technical progress on mining and concentration process and high price level running of mineral products make large-scale utilization of tailings possible. Now, the key point of large-scale utilization of tailings is the economical efficiency, and more attention should be paid on economic analysis in order to provide a reference for utilization of tailings resources for mining companies. Therefore, an economic model for large scale utilization of tailings was built to testify the conversion of prof- it-loss of the tailings comprehensive utilization project,which belongs to Tongling Non-ferrous Metals Group Co. , Ltd. , one of Chinese first batch demonstration base, due to the price falling of mineral product. The conclusion is that present price of min- eral products is the critical factor of determining large-scale utilization of tailings. It is suggested that Chinese government should continue to give support on taxes and fiscal policy concerned to railings utilization, to help companies to overcome the difficulties and to realize the effective integration of natural benefit, economic benefit, environmental benefit, and social benefit in the industry of tailings utilization.