高校校园土地利用与景观格局分析研究

Analysis of land use and landscape pattern on university campus

为讨论西北农林科技大学校园景观布局的优劣,对今后规划工作提供依据,以CAD校园平面图和高清遥感影像为基础资料,采用独创性的景观划分法,利用ArcMap获取南北校区校园土地利用与景观格局的空间分布,并运用各类景观指标,对景观格局进行定量分析。结果表明:南校区各景观的破碎度均大于北校,而优势度偏低;就全校范围来看,多样性、均匀度、优势度最大的分别为生活景观(1.858)、绿地景观(0.97)、娱乐景观(0.617),娱乐景观的均匀度最低,绿地景观的优势度最小;北校区的建筑设施(包括教学、生活、娱乐、附属设施)对景观的支配作用较大,南校区各景观受人为因素影响较大。简而言之,全校景观空间格局分布合理,功能区划协调统一。

In order to analysis the landscape layout of north campus, south campus and the whole campus, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the current landscape layout and provide a basis for future campus pattern, this paper put the nwsuaf CAD-campus plan and HD remote sensing image as the basic data, combined with topographic map of Yangling District, made use of the unique methods of landscape pattern and used Landscape Ecology-related indicators to analysis the North-South Campus land use and landscape pattern distribution. The results show that： ①Each landscape fragmentation in the South Campus is greater than that in the North South, the advantage of the North Campus buildings are higher than the Noah Campus; ②On school-wide perspective, the living facilities landscape, the green landscape and the recreational amenities landscape respectively have the greatest diversity, evenness, dominance. Evenness of the recreational amenities landscape is the lowest. Advantage of the green landscape is the least. ③ Building facilities （including teaching, living, entertainment, ancillary facilities） in the South Campus play a greater dominant role to landscape, the human factors have a greater influence on landscapes in the South Campus, such as cutting the green landscape, the multi-vegetation road landscape, recreational amenities landscape to achieve a harmonization of green and leisure. In a word, the entire campus has a reasonable landscape spatial pattern and harmonized functional zones.