一株嗜松青霉JP-NJ4的解磷特性

Phosphate-solubilizing characteristic of a Penicillium pinophilum strain JP-NJ4

【目的】土壤中磷素供应不足是造成马尾松林地力衰退的原因之一。本研究对前期从马尾松根际土样中分离筛选出的一株解磷能力较强的嗜松青霉JP-NJ4的解无机磷及解有机磷能力进行探讨。【方法】探究嗜松青霉JP-NJ4对4种无机磷源及2种有机磷源的降解能力,并对其分泌的有机酸和酶类进行测定,对其解磷特性进行初步分析。【结果】表明JP-NJ4菌株可在4种不同无机磷源的培养基中生长,其中对磷酸钙[Ca3(PO4)2]的解磷效果最好,对4种磷源的解磷能力大小为:磷酸钙>磷酸铝>磷酸氢钙>磷酸铁;其分泌的有机酸种类主要为葡萄糖酸、草酸及丙二酸;JP-NJ4菌株的磷酸酶活性较高,并具有一定的植酸酶活性;同时对草甘膦具有较好的生物降解功能,降解率达49.6%。【结论】嗜松青霉JP-NJ4解磷能力受磷源的结构组成影响,且解磷能力与发酵液pH值呈负相关关系;该菌株分泌的葡萄糖酸和草酸对磷酸钙及磷酸铝的溶解效果较明显。本研究供试菌株嗜松青霉JP-NJ4具有良好的解磷功能,在作为林业生物菌肥方面具有极大的应用潜力。

[Objective] The shortage of phosphorus in the soil is one of the causes for declining of Pinus massoniana stands. One fungal strain Penicillium pinophilum JP-NJ4 which had strong capability to soluble phosphate was isolated from Pi. massoniana rhizosphere early. The research studied on inorganic phosphorus and organophosphorus-solubilizing capability of the strain.[Methods] Phosphate-solubilizing efficiencies on different phosphorus compounds, secretion of organic acids and enzymes of P. pinophilum JP-NJ4 were measured. Then phosphate-solubilizing characteristics of JP-NJ4 were analyzed. [Results] Four insoluble inorganic phosphates were used as a sole phosphorus resource for P. pinophilum JP-NJ4. The results showed that the strain JP-NJ4 had the highest phosphate-solubilizing capability for Ca3（PO4）2. The capacity to solubilize four inorganicphosphates was Ca3（PO4）2〉AIPO4〉CaHPO4·2H2O〉FePO4·4H2O. It revealed that P. pinophilum JP-NJ4 mainly secreted gluconic acid, oxalic acid and malonic acid. The results of determining the activity of phytase and phosphatase showed that the phosphatase activity of the strain is higher. The strain JP-NJ4 also had certain phytase activity. The strain had a promising biodegradation function and its degradation rate of glyphosate reached 49.6%. [Conclusion] It showed that different chemical bonds had different effects on phosphate-solubilizing capability of the strain JP-NJ4.Phosphate-solubilizing capability and pH of fermentation broth was negatively correlated. Gluconic acid and oxalic acid had predominance in solubilizing Ca3（PO4）2 and AlPO4. The tested strain JP-NJ4 had an excellent phosphate-solubilizing function and great application potential on forestry biological fertilizer.