一种新型阳离子三硅氧烷表面活性剂的合成及其表面性能

Synthesis and Surface Properties of a Novel Cationic Trisiloxane Surfacant

以1,2-环氧-9癸烯（ED）和1,1,1,3,5,5,5-七甲基三硅氧烷（MDHM）为原料,在氯铂酸催化下,经硅氢加成反应先制得烷基环氧基三硅氧烷（AETS）,再将AETS与二乙醇胺（DEA）进行开环反应合成了一种新型阳离子三硅氧烷表面活性剂（CTSS）。通过IR和1H NMR对CTSS的结构进行了表征,测定了CTSS的表面张力、润湿性和对pH值的稳定性。同时对AETS及CTSS的合成条件进行了优化,优化后的工艺条件为：合成AETS的最佳条件为n（ED）∶n（MDHM）（n为物质的量）为1.1∶1,催化剂用量为n（MDHM）的0.075%,反应时间为5 h,反应温度为80℃;合成CTSS的最佳条件为n（AETS）∶n（DEA）=1∶1.05,反应时间3 h,反应温度80℃。性能测试结果表明,CTSS在临界胶束浓度（CMC）为1.3×10-3mol/L时,可以将水的表面张力降低至20.0 mN/m,同时具有良好的润湿性,另外,CTSS在pH值为6.5~8.0时稳定存在。

Me3SiOSiMeROSiMe3 （ R = CH2 （ CH2 ）7 CHOCH2 ） （ AETS ） has been synthesized through a hydrosilation of 1,2-eposy-9-decene （ED） with 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-heptamethyltrisiloxane （ MDn M ） in the presence of hexachloroplatinic （1V） acid as the catalyst. Then a novel cationic trisiloxane surfactant with the formula Me3 SiOSiMeR20SiMe3 （ R2 = CH2 （ CH2 ） 7 CHOHCH2 N （ CH2 CH2 OH） 2 ） （ CTSS ） has been prepared through the ring-opening reaction of diethanolamine （DEA） with AETS. The structure of CTSS was characterized by IR and 1 H NMR. The surface intension, wettability and stability in different pH of CTSS were investigated. The effect of reaction conditions on the synthesis of AETS and CTSS were investigated respectively. The optimized reaction conditions for the preparation of AETS are that the molar ratio of ED and MDHM is 1.1：1, the catalyst loading is 0.075% of the n（MDHM）, the reaction time is 5 hours and the reaction temperature is 80 ℃. While the optimized reaction conditions to obtain CTSS are that the ratio of rt（AETS） to n（DEA） is 1： 1.05, the reaction time is 3 h and the reaction temperature is 80 ℃. CTSS can reduced the surface tension of distilled water to 20. 0 mN/m at the critical micelle concentration（CMC） of 1.3 ×10-3 mol/L. In addition, CTSS also has better wettability and maintains stable in pH 6.5 - 8.0.