复合材料结构轻量化方法及技术

METHODS AND TECHNIQUES TO ACHIEVE LIGHT-WEIGHT DESIGN OF COMPOSITE STRUCTURES

本文分析和总结了采用纤维增强聚合物复合材料(FRP)实现结构轻量化的主要方法及技术。指出了实现结构轻量化的三个主要方法,一是复合材料的高性能化,即通过进一步提高复合材料的比强度和比模量实现结构减重;二是复合材料高效承载结构构型优化设计,即通过复合材料优势承载能力与结构传力路径的优化配置实现结构减重;三是复合材料复杂结构整体成型,即通过摒弃连接赘重实现结构减重。并给出了实现上述三种结构轻量化方法的技术途径。

The main methods and techniques to achieve light-weight design of structures by using fiber-reinforced polymer composites（ FRP） are analyzed and summarized in this paper. Main methods to achieve light-weight design of structures have been pointed out. The first is to develop new FRP with higher mechanical priperties,that is,to further improve the specific strength and modulus of the FRP to achieve further weight save. The second is optimized design for the configuration of the bearing structures,that is,to achieve further weight save by the optimized scheming of the carrying capacity and stress transferring paths of FRP. The third is the integral manufacturing of composite structures with complex configurations,that is,to achieve further weight save by abandoning the extra joint components.Technical approaches to achieve the above three methods of light-weight design are also discussed.