细胞质内模式识别受体及其抗病毒免疫研究

Research of cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor and antiviral immunity

先天性免疫监视机制的核心是通过模式识别受体(pattern recognition receptors,PRRs)识别病毒分子诱导抗病毒防御,使宿主免受感染。PRRs表达在不同类型细胞的不同细胞区室,包括细胞膜、内体膜、溶酶体膜和胞质。病毒进入细胞区室后将被一个或多个模式识别受体所识别并激活机体的免疫反应。主要对细胞质内模式识别受体视黄酸诱导基因I样受体(retinoic acid-inducible gene I(RIG-I)-like receptors,RLRs)、核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体(nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptors,NLRs)、DEXDc螺旋酶受体(DLRs)及最近发现的DNA模式识别分子——DAI(DNA-dependent activator of interferonregulatory factors)识别病毒核酸并诱导I型干扰素产生的分子机制作一综述。

Pattern recognition receptors （PRRs）, which are key constitutors of innate immunity network, monitor the presence of viral molecules and induce antiviral defense to protect the host from infection. PRRs express in diverse cellular compartments of different types of cells, including cell membrane, endosome membrane, lysosome membrane and cytoplasmic matrix. Viruses gain access into cell compartments and are then under active recognition by one or more kinds of pattern recognition receptors. In this review, we focused on the recognition of viral nucleic acids and the molecular mechanisms of type I interferon （IFN） induction through retinoic acid-inducible gene I （RIG-I）-like receptors （RLRs）, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain （NOD）-like receptors （NLRs）, DEXDc helicases （DLRs） and the more recently identified DNA-dependent activator of interferon-regulatory factors （DAI）.