电话网络诈骗案件中受害人研究

Research on the Psychology of Victims of Telecom Fraud

目的在电话网络诈骗高发背景下开展对诈骗受害人心理等特征研究,深入了解此类犯罪,为此类犯罪的控制和预防策略制定提供依据。方法采用案例回顾法对255例网络电信诈骗案件受害人特征进行研究和分析。结果网络电信诈骗案件受害人中女性占51.6%,男性占48.4%,平均年龄29.75岁,学历分布在各个层次中。根据受害人表现的突出心理特征,分为"突陷困境后主动避难"类,占总数29%;"帮助他人"类案件,占总数23.1%;"期望好运气"类案件,占总数20.4%;"过渡信任网络交易安全",占总数27.5%等。有40.4%的案件冒用警察等权威职业身份进行犯罪活动。研究证实受害人学历高低与信任和服从权威职业无统计学关系(F=4.627,P=0.201)。"期望好运气"受害人群有年龄差异,青年人更容易受骗。(F=32.4,P<0.001)。结论诈骗案件受害人特征与传统认识不同。受骗后存在急性应激心理、利他心理、服从权威、期望好运气等复杂的心理特征表现。

Objective To study the victims＇ psychology characteristics in telephone-network fraud in order to provide evidence for reducing this kind of crime. Method 255 telephone-network fraud cases were analyzed retrospectively. Results The gender ratio is 51.6% （female） to 48.4% （male）. The average age of the victims is 29.753 years old. The victims have a wide distribution of education level. Among all the psychological features of the victims, those ＂fall into trouble and take refuge positively＂ are the majority type （29%）. The rest include ＂overtrust online shopping security＂ type （27.5%） , ＂help others＂ type （23.1%）, and ＂cloudy with a chance of meatballs＂ type （20.4%）. 40.4% of the cases involves ＂posing as police identity＂. There is no statistic relationship between the education level and the obedience to authority （F=4.627, P=0.201）. Conclusion The characteristics of victims are different with the traditional cognition. The victims present mental performances such as ＂acute stress reaction＂, ＂altruism＂, ＂obedience to authority＂, ＂good luck expectation＂, ＂refuse-sunk-capital performance＂ and so on.