上海嘉定地区变应性鼻炎患者变应原的流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of allergen of patients with allergic rhinitis in Jiading District of Shanghai

目的调查上海嘉定地区变应性鼻炎患者变应原的种类、分布,以及与年龄、居住环境、季节之间的相关性。方法应用11种国产的标准化变应原点刺液对常住上海嘉定区624例变应性鼻炎患者进行皮肤点刺试验(SPT),分析11种变应原的分布特点以及在不同季节的阳性率。分别按年龄、居住环境来源将患者分组,比较不同年龄、居住地之间变应原阳性率的差异。结果嘉定区变应性鼻炎患者变应原皮试的总体阳性率为75.5%,变应原中以粉尘螨、屋尘螨阳性率最高,其次为混合花粉、动物皮毛;SPT阳性春、秋季高于冬、夏季(P<0.05),儿童高于成人(P<0.05),居住在城乡结合部者高于居住在城镇及农村者(P<0.05)。结论上海嘉定区变应性鼻炎患者的变应原整体阳性率较高,主要变应原为粉尘瞒、屋尘瞒;皮试阳性率以春、秋较高,儿童高于成人,居住于城乡结合部的患者较高。

Objective To investigate the allergens type, distribution of patients with allergic rhinitis, and its relationship with age, living environment, season. Methods A total of 624 eases who were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis were underwent skin prick test （SPT） with 11 standardized aeroallergens. The distribution characteristics of 11 kinds of allergens and the positive rates of different season were analyzed. The samples were stratified to different groups according to age and living areas respectively. Differences of positive rate in SPT of those groups were compared. Results The percent of patients with positive skin tests in Jiading District of Shanghai was 75.5%. Among all allergens, the positive SPT rate of dermatophagoides farina and dermatophagoides pteronyssinus were highest, followed by pollen mixture and aimal skins. The positive rate of SPT in spring and autumn was higher than that in summer and winter （P 〈 0.05）. There was significantly higher positive rate of SPT among children compared with adults （P 〈 0.05）. There was also higher positive rate of SPT among patients lived in rural-urban fringe zone compared with patients lived in rural or urban （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion In Shanghai Jiading District allergen positive rate of patients with allergic rhinitis is high, dermatophagoides farina and dermatophagoides pteronyssinus are the most common allergens. The positive rate of SPT in autumn and spring, in children and in patients lived in rural-urban fringe zone are higher.