论韩国中世纪小说中的梦

On the Dreams in Medieval Korean Novels

梦是中世纪小说中常见的一种文学现象,尤其是韩国中世纪文学中有关梦的小说非常多,文学史上把它称之为"梦字类小说"、"梦游录"。韩国中世纪梦小说多的原因是多方面的,其中不仅有本国文学传统影响,而且还有中国梦小说的影响;不仅有佛教的影响,而且还有中世纪作家对小说的理解。中世纪作家已经朦胧地意识到了小说不同于史书,从而为写出区别于史书的小说做出了种种努力。他们在创作实践中逐步认识到,小说描写的不是真人真事,它区别于历史,是"架空之说",而梦恰恰就是编造"架空之说"的最好形式之一。于是,他们争先恐后借用梦写小说,以至于和佛教的传入一道,梦小说达到了泛滥的地步。梦和中世纪作家对小说形式的一种初步认识有关,是他们用来表现现实的一种"艺术装置",而到近代随着西方文学涌入,梦小说也消失了。

Dream is a common literary phenomenon in medieval fictions, especially in Korean medieval novels, which are called ＂novel of dreams＂ or ＂sleepwalking records＂ in the history of literature. The various reasons for the numerous existence of such literary genre include both the influence of the national literary traditions as well as Chinese dream novels and the influence of Buddhism together with the medieval authors＇understanding of the novel itself. Medieval authors have been dimly aware that novels are different from historical records. Thus they make great efforts to write novels to distinguish from histories. In their creative practice, authors realize that novels do not present real characters or real events, instead, they are fictional. Then, how can they create fictions different from histories.9 They regard dream as the best form of working out fictions. Therefore, they scramble to write novel of dreams to such extent that they are in flood along with the introduction of Buddhism into the nation. Dream is a product of authors＂ preliminary understanding of the form of novels, and a form of ＂artistic device＂ to represent reality. However, with the streaming in of modern western literature, the genre of novel of dreams has disappeared.