再谈“青藏高原丝绸之路”的开辟及拓展

Further Discussion on the Opening and Expansion of “Tibetan Plateau Silk Road”

在中国古代历史上,除了陆上丝绸之路、草原丝绸之路和海上丝绸之路外,还有一条自长安经吐谷浑到吐蕃,然后经尼泊尔到达印度,由此通往欧洲的第四条丝绸之路,即"青藏高原丝绸之路"。这条新的丝绸之路的形成虽是和亲、商贸、外交、文化、宗教和战争等多种力量的结果,但和亲的作用更为突出。隋唐与吐谷浑和亲开辟了自长安到青海的通道,吐谷浑、唐朝与吐蕃和亲开辟了自吐谷浑到拉萨的通道;吐蕃和亲圈不仅向西南延伸了这条丝绸之路,而且还拓展了通往中亚的路线。辽、西夏、回鹘、龟兹等政权与吐蕃和亲,又向东北、西北延伸了这条丝绸之路。蒙元与西藏萨伽款氏的联姻,进一步修复和巩固了这条丝绸之路。由此也可以将青藏高原丝绸之路称之为亲情之路。坐落在丝绸之路经济带上的我国西北各省区市,只要能够突出优势、彰显特色、打造品牌、借力发展,就能成为丝绸之路经济带上璀璨的明珠。

In the ancient history of China, besides the continental, prairie and maritime silk road, there was also the fourth silk road, i.e. ＂Tibetan Plateau Silk Road＂, which started from Chang＇ an to Tuguhun, Tubo, then to Nepal and India, and then to the Europe by the seaway. This new silk road was the result of combining forces like making peace with minority nationalities in the border by marriage, trade, religion and wars and so on, the first factor, however, played an important role. Sui and Tang dynasties＇ making peace with minority nationality Tuguhun in the border by marriage had opened the channel from Chang＇an to Qinghai, and the marriage between Tuguhun, Tang dynasty and Tubo opened the channel from Tuguhun to Lhasa; marriage with Tubo not only expanded this silk road to the southeast, but also expanded the channel to the central Asia. The marriage between regimes like Liao, Xixia, Uighur, and Qiuci with Tubo then expanded this silk road to the northeast and northwest. Marriage between Mogolian Yuan Dynasty and Sajiakuan family in Tibet further repaired and solidified this silk road.