宁夏贫困农村0-6岁儿童营养与健康状况调查

Investigation on nutritional and health status of children aged 0-6 years old in poor rural areas in Ningxia

目的：了解贫困农村6岁以下儿童营养与健康状况。方法：采用分层整群抽样的方法,选择宁夏西吉县3个乡共11个村的6个月-6岁儿童为研究对象,进行问卷调查和体格检查。结果：儿童膳食以米面类为主,另外摄入频率较高的是新鲜蔬菜（64.4%）、奶制品（53.9%）和水果（49.1%）,肉类、蛋类摄入频率低,鱼虾类、动物肝脏、豆制品摄入频率极低。5岁以下儿童平均生长发育迟缓率7.7%、低体重率5.4%和消瘦率6.0%,其中以9月龄组的婴儿营养不良率最高,生长发育迟缓率、低体重率、消瘦率分别为19.4%、16.1%、16.1%,以后随年龄增长而下降。儿童总贫血患病率为10.6%,以轻度贫血为主,其中以6月组和1岁组贫血患病率最高,以后随年龄增长贫血患病率明显下降。结论：儿童膳食不平衡,食物品种少,婴儿营养不良率和贫血患病率较高。建议相关部门重视农村儿童的卫生保健服务,指导婴幼儿合理喂养,最终改善农村儿童营养状况,提高儿童健康水平。

Objective： To understand the nutritional and health status of children under six years old in poor rural areas. Methods ： Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select the children aged 6 months - 6 years old from 11 villages of three townships in Xiji county of Ningxia as study objects, then questionnaire investigation and physical examination were performed. Results： The children＇s diet was mainly rice and noodles; the intake frequencies of fresh vegetables （64. 4% ） , dairy products （53.9%） and fruits （49. 1% ） were rela- tively high ; the intake frequencies of meat and egg were low ; the intake frequencies of fish, shrimp, animal livers, and bean products were extremely low. For those children under 5 years old, the incidence rates of developmental retardation, underweight and wasting were 7. 7% , 5.4% and 6. 0%, respectively. The incidence rate of malnutrition in children aged 9 months old was the highest, the incidence rates of de- velopmental retardation, underweight and wasting were 19. 4% , 16. 1% and 16. 1% , respectively, decreasing with age. The total incidence rate of anemia was 10. 6% , mild anemia was the main type, the incidence rates of anemia in children aged 6 months old and 1 year old were the highest, decreasing significantly with age. Conclusion： Rural children＇s diet is imbalanced, the dietary varieties are few, and the inci- dence rates of malnutrition and anemia are high. It is suggested that the relevant departments pay attention to health care service for rural children and guide rational feeding to finally improve rural children＇s nutritional and health status, raise health level.