一种能耗均匀的WSN分簇路由协议研究与设计

A Research on Energy-balanced Clustering Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network

无线传感器网络是由监测区域内部署的大量廉价微型传感器节点通过自组织方式组成,节点之间协同完成网络的数据传输.由于传感器节点的能量、计算能力和通信能力等都十分有限,因此,设计一个好的路由协议对无线传感器网络来说十分重要,如何降低无线传感器网络的能耗以及延长网络的生命周期则是其首要目标,针对目前一些路由协议存在的耗能不均衡问题,本文提出了EBUCRP(能耗均衡的非均匀分簇路由协议).本协议设计了基于分块的网络模型,在分簇方面采用了非均匀分簇的思想,解决了簇间多跳时带来的网络"热点"问题;在簇间通信方式上,本协议适用多跳转发的方式.本文引入了路由选择指标和簇头路由指数两个概念,其中前者主要是从源节点的角度出发,选择网络开销较少的路由节点,后者主要是从路由节点的角度出发,根据自己的负载度来回复源节点的申请.这种通信方式不仅能减少能量消耗,同时又可以均衡网络负载,从而达到均衡能耗的目的,延长整个网络的生命周期.仿真实验表明,本文提出的路由协议在均衡网络能耗方面有显著的优势,尤其在大规模的网络下,能够显著的延长网络寿命.

Wireless Sensor Networks are comprised of a large number of cheap and miniature sensor nodes by self-organization in the monitoring area and the nodes transmit data of network cooperatively. The energy, computing ability and communication ability of sen- sor nodes are all extremely limited, and therefore the quality of the routing protocol is a direct impact on the overall performance of WSN, then the primary design goal of WSN routing protocols is how to realize the energy consumption minimization and the network survival time maximization. In view of the inequality problem of energy consumption in some present routing protocols, this paper puts forward an energy-balanced uneven clustering routing protocol. This protocol adopts the layered network model and the idea of uneven clustering to solve the network problem of ＂hot spots＂ caused by multiple hops between clusters;In the mode of communica- tion between clusters,this protocol adopts the method of multi-hop to transmit data. This paper introduces two concepts： CICR and CRQ,the former is used by the source nodes to select routing node whose network overhead is less,and the latter is used by the rou- ting nodes to reply to the application from the source nodes according to their load degree. This way of communication can not only re- duce energy consumption, and also can balance network load, so as to achieve the goal of balancing energy consumption and extend the life cycle of the entire network.