胰岛素发展简史

A brief history of the development of realization on Insulin

1869年,胰岛细胞被发现,1893年被正式命名为“ilots de Langerhans”（胰岛）.1890年,学者发现胰腺分泌物中存在控制血糖的物质,于1909年被命名为胰岛素.直到1921年,胰岛素才得到提纯.1922年,胰岛素被用于治疗糖尿病患者.1926年,美国学者首次制得胰岛素结晶.此后,人类对胰岛素有了更多的认识,其人工合成也有了快速发展.1965年,中国学者首次成功人工合成了结晶牛胰岛素.由于动物胰岛素存在免疫原性,20世纪80年代,诺和诺德公司利用重组DNA技术合成人胰岛素,并用于临床.1998年,通化东宝公司研制出中国第1支重组人胰岛素.同时,从普通注射器到胰岛素专用注射器,从胰岛素笔到胰岛素泵,再到目前最为先进的无针注射器,胰岛素的注射方式也发生了变化.目前,学术界开始致力于非注射胰岛素制剂的研制.

The islet cells were found in 1869 and officially named ＂ilots de Langerhans＂ in 1893.The secretions of pancreas were found to contain ingredients to control blood sugar in 1890 which was named insulin in 1909.However,it was not until 1921 that insulin was purified,which was used to treat diabetes in 1922.American scholars obtained insulin crystals firstly in 1926.Since then,increasing knowledge were found in insulin,thus arousing a rapid development of its synthesis.Furthermore,Chinese scholars synthesized crystalline of bovine insulin firstly in 1965.Due to the presence of immunogenicity in animal insulin,Novo Nordisk used recombinant DNA technology to synthesize human insulin and for clinical use in 1980s.And Tonghua Dongbao Company developed the first recombinant human insulin of China in 1998.Meanwhile,insulin injections have also been changed from the ordinary syringes to dedicated insulin syringes,from the insulin pens to the insulin pumps,and eventually to the most advanced needleless syringes.Currently,academia is endeavored in the development of non-injectable insulin formulations.