清末戏剧改良运动背后的三方博弈

The Game Playing among Three Parties in Theater Reform in the Late Qing Dynasty

20世纪初,"新政"、"改良"运动层出不穷,作为有着巨大影响力的艺术形式,戏曲的教化功能与社会作用也愈发为人重视。清廷、改良派与革命派几乎同时发力,从社会上层的政策制定到戏剧刊物的发行等方方面面,社会各界掀起了一场声势浩大的戏剧改良运动。在这一过程中,改良者们发掘出了中国传统戏曲全新的时代意义。他们力图逾越旧有藩篱,开创启迪民智的崭新局面。上述三方在参与过程中各怀目的,方法迥异,展开了一场精彩激烈的博弈,其中暴露出来的各种问题值得反思。

In the early 20th century, a lot of new polices and new reforms were boomed. Because of its influential artistic power, the social and educational function of traditional Chinese operas gained more notice from the public. The officials from Qing Court, the reformists and the revolutionary advocates worked independently for reforming traditional Chinese theaters by making relevant policies and publishing magazines about traditional theater studies. In the overall reform, traditional Chinese theater was turned into a new chapter by breaking away from conventions and educating the public. In the process of the reform, the above-mentioned three parties launched an interesting and competitive game playing due to their different goals and approaches. But the lessons from the game is worth reflecting.