论“境”与“境其地”

On "Jing" and Its Development in Landscape Architecture

汉字"境"至迟出现于1 875年以前的汉代。在考察了"境"的起源及其在文化和科学领域的字义拓展后,提出现代汉语"境"拥有空间、时间和人的三重复合字义结构。风景园林学中的"境"既是动词,也是名词。作为动词,"境其地"是指为了保持或提高生存、生产、生活和生态品质,人类个体或群体营造特定土地的过程;作为名词,"地境"是指"境其地"过程在某一时间点的空间呈现。"境其地"与"地境"一起构成了风景园林学的的核心范畴,演绎这一核心范畴的是8个基本范畴,即"境道""境德""境理""境术""境用""境制""境象""境意"。"境"具有整体涌现性、动态性、开放性和复杂性4个基本特征。"境品"是一个用来评价"境"质量的概念。

Appearing in China at least 1875 ago, ＂Jing＂ is a Chinese word with three main elements of ＂land＂, ＂process＂ and ＂people＂. Composing of eight fundamental categories– ＂thoughts＂, ＂values＂, ＂principles＂, ＂techniques＂, ＂functions＂, ＂mechanisms＂, ＂images＂ and ＂meanings＂, ＂Jing＂ is brought forward to be the core category of Chinese landscape architecture in this paper. Under landscape architecture, ＂Jing＂ is a verb as well as a noun. As a verb, ＂Jing＂ is a process of human act on a specific land when they intend to improve the quality of the land for survival, production, living and ecology; as a noun, ＂Jing＂ is a spatial section of ＂Jing＂ process at any point in time. There are four main characteristics of ＂Jing＂ – whole emergence, dynamics, openness, and complexity. ＂Pin＂ is put forward as a concept to assess qualities of ＂Jing＂.