城市公园系统与城市空间发展——19世纪中叶欧美城市公园系统发展简述

City Park System and City Space Development: The History of Park System Development of Mid-nineteenth Century in Europe and America

公园系统在城市的建设与发展中起到了至关重要的作用,在历史的发展进程中积累了一定的基础。城市公园最早在英国兴起,在此基础上发展的城市公园群已经初具公园系统的雏形。奥姆斯特德则确立了公园系统的范式。以伦敦摄政公园群规划、巴黎城市改造等为案例阐释了城市公园系统的雏形,以美国的布法罗公园系统、芝加哥公园系统、波士顿公园系统等实践为例论述了公园系统范式的确立,简述了19世纪中叶欧美城市公园系统发展的历史进程。论述了这一进程中公园以群体方式对城市空间发展的影响。

Park system played an important role in the process of city construction and development. It has established the important base in history for the further development. The city parks were first built in Britain, and grew in sizes and numbers. Based on city parks, the park group developed as the beginning of park system. Frederick Law Olmsted established the park system paradigm. This research took Regent park group in London and Paris city transformation as examples to discuss about embryo of park system. It also took Buffalo Park System, Chicago Park： System, and Boston Park System as examples of park system paradigm. The paper discussed about the history of park system development of mid-nineteenth century in Europe and America. It also researched on the influence of parks on city space development in history as groups.