清初至民国深圳客家聚居区文化景观及其驱动机制

TheCulturalLandscapeanditsDriveMechanismofHakkaSettlementinShenzhenAreaduringthePeriodfromQingDynastytotheRepublicofChina

清初至民国时期是客家迁入广东归善县与新安县接合区域(今深圳东北部)并繁衍发展的主要时期。以该时该地客家聚落的环境构成及其内在驱动机制为研究对象,通过历史图像、文献等史料的对比分析与逻辑推理,总结出该聚落环境的2项特征:(1)聚居点布局匀质,疏散距离较远;(2)逐水而居,以水系为宗族聚居空间的组织框架。该特征的重要驱动机制为客家宗族土地制度——客家宗族通过地权的整合、稳定化以及人地比例的控制,创造出一种适度增长的田园经营模式,推动了地域性文化景观的形成。

From the Qing dynasty to the Republic of China, People of Hakka moved in the linkage area of Guishan and Xin＇an in Guangdong Province, which belongs to Sheezhen now, and started their new life. With the distinction of settlement landscape there and its drive mechanism as the object of the research, this paper adopts the methods of contrastive analysis and logical reasoning, and draws the following conclusions of the distinction of settlement landscape there： first, different settlements scattered well and distributed over great distances; second, water system formed the framework of the group of settlements. These features of landscape were due to the land institution of Hakka-clan, which integrated and stabilized the land ownership as well as controlled the proportion of population to farmland area. The sustainable development-mode of environmental management was the drive mechanism of the characteristic cultural landscape of this region.