饵料类型对岱衢族大黄鱼鱼体和肌肉营养成分、体色、肉色的影响

Effects of Dietary Type on Nutritional Components in Whole Fish and Muscle,Body Color and Muscle Color in Dai-Ju Race Large Yellow Croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea)

岱衢族大黄鱼为我国优质大黄鱼养殖群体,养殖中所投喂的饵料往往影响着鱼体和肌肉营养成分、体色和肉色,这些均为衡量岱衢族大黄鱼品质的重要指标。本试验旨在通过测定岱衢族大黄鱼鱼体和肌肉营养成分、体色和肉色指标,研究投喂鲜杂鱼和配合饲料对岱衢族大黄鱼品质的影响。试验设置2组,分别投喂鲜杂鱼和配合饲料22个月,采样后所测鱼体和肌肉营养成分指标包括干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分和氨基酸含量,体色和肉色指标包括L、a、b值。结果表明:与投喂鲜杂鱼相比,投喂配合饲料显著降低了岱衢族大黄鱼全鱼的粗脂肪含量(P<0.05),但显著提高了肌肉的粗脂肪、亮氨酸(Leu)、赖氨酸(Lys)、谷氨酸(Glu)、总必需氨基酸、总呈味氨基酸和总氨基酸含量(P<0.05);饵料类型对岱衢族大黄鱼的体色和肉色无显著影响(P>0.05),但岱衢族大黄鱼体表不同部位颜色存在显著差异(P<0.05),与背部相比,腹部的颜色较亮,且偏红黄。由此得出,相较于鲜杂鱼,采用配合饲料养成的岱衢族大黄鱼肌肉具有更高的营养价值。

Dai-ju race large yellow croaker （Pseudosciaena crocea） is regarded as a high-quality large yellow croaker colony in China. The whole fish and muscle nutritional components, body color and muscle color of farmed large yellow croaker were partly decided by the quality of diet, and those indices were the important indices to measure the quality of Dai-ju race large yellow croaker. Thus, this study aimed to assay the whole fish and muscle nutritional components, body color and muscle color of Dai-ju race large yellow croaker, and the effects of formulated feed and trash fish on quality of Dai-ju race large yellow croaker were evaluated. Two groups of fish were used. One fed trash fish and one fed formulated feed for 22 months. After sampling, the in- dices of whole body and muscle nutritional components E including the contents of dry matter （ DM）, crude protein （CP）, ether extract （EE）, ash and amino acids~ and the indices of body color and muscle color （in- cluding L, a and b values） were measured. The results showed as follows： compared with fish fed trash fish, fish fed formulated feed significantly decreased the EE content in whole fish （P〈0.05）, but significantly in- creased the contents of EE, leucine （Leu）, lysine （Lys）, glutamic acid （Glu）, total essential amino acids, total delicious amino acids and total amino acids in muscle （P〈0.05）. The body color and muscle color were not significantly affected by the type of diet （P〉0.05）. Besides, the body color in different positions of large yellow croaker had a significant difference （P〈0.05）, and the color of abdomen was more bright with red and yellow than that of back. In conclusion, Dai-ju race large yellow croaker fed formulated feed exhibit a higher nutrient quality in the muscle than those fed trash fish.