王阳明对科举之态度及其意义探讨——以《重刊文章轨范序》疏解为中心

Wang Yangming's Attitude towards Imperial Examinations and the Exploration of Its Significance:Centered on the Interpretation of Criterion Sequence to the Re- published Articles

王阳明通过《重刊文章轨范序》婉转批评了儒家知识分子对举业一贯的批判态度。举业犹如其他现实事务一样,都属于"事上磨练"之"事"之范围,举业与圣贤之学并不矛盾。只有通过端正应试者的动机和目的,才能救治举业所带来的问题。科举制度及其所代表的社会秩序作为儒家知识分子治国平天下的制度设计与安排,本身具有合理性,对科举制度的批评否定潜藏着否定秩序本身的危险。阳明对待科举制的态度,所折射的正是理想与现实、理论与实践、哲学与政治之间的冲突,深具政治哲学的色彩。

Through Criterion Sequence to the Re -published Articles, Wang Yangming mildly criticized the consistent attitude of the Confucian intellectuals to the imperial examinations, which like other issues were within the scope of ＂tempering the things＂ for the ＂thing＂, because the imperial examinations were not contradictory to the science of the saints. Only by correcting the motives and objectives of the candidates could the problems brought by the imperial examinations be well solved. The design and arrangement of the imperial examination system for the social order represented by Confucian intellectuals were reasonable in nature. The negative criticism of the imperial examination system would lurk the danger to negate the order itself. Wang Yangming＇ s attitude to the imperial examination system reflected the conflict between ideal and reality, theory and practice, philosophy and politics, with a deep color of political philosophy.