橡胶/塑料混合物热裂解制油的实验研究

Experimental Study on the Rubber/Plastics Blending Pyrolysis in TGA and the Fixed Bed

针对生活垃圾中的合成聚合物给自然环境造成的严重污染,本文以汽车外胎橡胶和收集的塑料垃圾为研究对象,采用SDTA851型TGA热重分析仪,将橡胶和塑料以不同比例掺混在热重分析仪中进行热解实验,得到热解特性和动力学参数的变化规律,橡胶和塑料混合物的热解转化分布在2个温度段,第1阶段为主要热解过程,热解率占总热解失重率的85%左右,掺混比例对热解温度范围的影响不明显,但对热解速率有明显的影响;同时依据热重分析所确定的500℃最佳热解终温,在固定床上进行热解制油的验证性实验,并对热解产物液态油和固体残余物进行收集称量,计算得到液体和固体两相比例,对所得液态油进行水分和发热量测试分析,分析结果表明,得油率约为38%,油发热量为35MJ/kg,说明混合燃料中橡胶比例越大,得油率越高。该研究为橡胶和塑料垃圾的热解提供理论依据。

For the serious pollution to the natural environment by the synthetic polymers in Municipal Solid Waste,the pyrolyzed experiments of two blending ratios fuels of rubber and plastics were carried out in TGA, to analyze the pyrolyzed characteristics, kinetic parameters and the influence of the blending ratios. The results showed that the pyrolysis process of rubber/plastics blends occurred to two stages, the first and the main stage achieved 85% of the whole pyrolysis, while the blending ratios did less influence on the pyrolysis temperature, but clear influence on the pyrolysis rate. According the TGA experiments, the suitable blending pyrolysis temperature was 500℃. In the validation experiments of pyrolyzed oil which were performed in the fixed bed facility, the oil and solid residue was collected to weight and calculate the proportion of the liquid and solid products. The moisture and calorific value of oil were also tested and ana- lyzed. The results showed that the oil was of 38% yield, and the heating value of 35 MJ/kg. The more the rubber ratio in blends was, the higher the oil yield rate was. The study provided a theoretical basis for the pyrolysis of rubber and plastic garbage.