剩余污泥转化能源的瓶颈与突破技术

Bottlenecks and Breakthroughs of Energy Conversion from Excess Sludge

发展低碳经济演绎出污水处理"碳中和"运行的概念,其实质就是污水处理运行向着能源消耗自给自足的方向逼近。为此,剩余污泥厌氧消化转化能源技术重获生机。然而,污泥厌氧消化除受一般影响因素与工艺条件限制外,在很大程度上被污泥组分所控制。在简述有机物厌氧消化一般影响因素与工艺条件的基础上,总结、归纳出稳固的剩余污泥细胞体与木质纤维素结构是污泥转化能源的瓶颈所在,腐殖质的存在很大程度上也会抑制其他有机物的水解。通过适当预处理技术可实现对细胞破壁与木质纤维素破稳的双重效果,也可能会对腐殖质结构破坏产生一定影响。此外,研究在厌氧消化系统内屏蔽腐殖质抑制水解过程的方法亦十分重要。系统外部CO2或H2的介入有可能会刺激甲烷的生成,同时也存在一定程度上的"碳捕捉"作用。

The concept of carbon neutral in operating wastewater treatment was just now raised from developing low carbon economy, which in essence is autarkic in energy consumption. For this reason, energy conversion from anaerobic digestion （AD） of excess sludge regains vitality. However, AD is not only controlled by general affecting factors and process conditions, but also is controlled by sludge components to a large extent. Based on the summary of these affecting factors and process conditions, it is concluded that stable sludge cells and lignocellulosic structures are two major bottlenecks in energy conversion from sludge. Moreover, humus existing in sludge could inhibit hydrolysis of other organics. Pretreatment can destruct both sludge cells and lignocellulosie structures and might function on humus. Besides, it is also important to shield humus in hydrolysis. External CO2 and/or H2 might stimulate methane production, which is somehow helpful in ＂carbon capture＂.