低流行区农村孕产妇艾滋病认知状况及健康教育需求调查

AIDS Cognitive Status and Needs for Health Education:An Investigation in Rural Pregnant and Lying-in Women in Hypo-endemic Regions

背景艾滋病已严重威胁妇女和儿童的健康，成为国际广泛关注的社会问题，针对艾滋病低流行区孕产妇，特别是农村孕产妇艾滋病的认知状况及健康教育需求的研究鲜有报道。目的了解吉林省农村孕产妇艾滋病知识、态度、行为及健康教育需求，为制定低流行区预防艾滋病母婴传播策略提供科学依据。方法采用方便抽样法，于2013年6月选取吉林省长岭县、公主岭市、梨树县、前郭县孕周≥28周的孕妇或分娩〈3个月的产妇401名。采用自行设计的调查问卷，对孕产妇进行调查。问卷内容主要包括：一般社会人口学特征、艾滋病相关知识知晓情况（包括艾滋病知识和艾滋病母婴传播知识）、对艾滋病的态度与行为、健康教育需求。结果401名孕产妇中，孕妇136名，产妇265名；年龄15-42岁，平均（25.6±4.7）岁。188名知晓艾滋病知识，知晓率为46.9%；91名知晓艾滋病母婴传播知识，知晓率为22.7%。39.6%（159/401）的孕产妇没有与艾滋病感染者/患者继续交往的意愿，2.7%（11/401）的孕产妇每次性行为时使用安全套。401名孕产妇中198名（49.4%）有艾滋病健康教育需求；194名（48.4%）选择的健康教育方式为电视宣传，188名（46.9%）选择宣传手册；286名（71.3%）孕产妇愿意参加预防艾滋病母婴传播教育活动。结论吉林省农村孕产妇艾滋病相关知识知晓率较低，多数孕产妇对艾滋病病毒感染者/患者存在一定的歧视，安全套使用比例较低，而其对艾滋病健康教育需求较高，倾向选择便捷直观的健康教育方式。

BackgroUnd HIV/AIDS,a serious threat to womenˊs and childrenˊs health,has become a widespread international concerned social problem. Studies on the cognition and health education in pregnant and lying-in women in AIDS hypo-endemic regions,especially in rural women,are rarely reported. Objective To explore the status of rural pregnant and lying-in womenˊs AIDS knowledge,attitude and behaviors to it and the needs for health education to provide scientific basis for strategy establishment of prevention of mother-to child transmission（ MTCT） in hypo-endemic regions. Methods Conven-ience sampling method was used to choose 401 pregnant women （ gestational weeks≥28 ） or lying-in women （ parturition〈3 months） from 4 towns of Jilin province in June 2013. A self-made questionnaire was used to perform an investigation in preg-nant and lying -in women. The questionnaire included general socio -demographic characteristics, AIDS related knowledge （ including AIDS and HIV mother to child transmission）,attitudes and behaviors for HIV,health education demand. ResUlts In 401 pregnant and lying-in women,there were 136 pregnant,265 lying-in,aged 15 to 42 years,averagely（25. 6 ± 4. 7） years. A total of 188 women knew AIDS knowledge（46. 9%）,91 knew MTCT（22. 7%）;159（39. 6%）did not wish to continue contacting AIDS infectors/patients;11（2. 7%）used condoms every time;198（49. 4%）had the needs for health education,194 （ 48. 4%） selected health education for television publicity, 188 （ 47. 0%） selected brochure;286 （71. 3%） were willing to take part in educational activities of prevention of AIDS MTCT. ConclUsion The cognition rate of knowledge related to AIDS in rural pregnant and lying-in women in Jilin province. Most pregnant and lying-in women discrimi-nate AIDS infectors/patients and the proportion of condom use is low. Their needs for health education are high,especially for easy and intuitive health education.