城镇化进程中农村学校布局调整研究——基于周口市M县的调查分析

A Study on the Layout Adjustment of Rural Schools in the Process of Urbanization——Based on an Investigation of County M in Zhoukou

农村学校布局调整从20世纪80年代开始,尤其是进入20世纪以后调整力度逐渐加大。但由于在撤并过程中出现了一些比较突出的问题,所以国家在2012年又进一步规范了农村义务教育学校布局调整工作。通过对周口市M县农村学校布局调整现状的调查发现:学校总数和学生人数呈现减少趋势;县城与乡镇的学校数量和学生人数分别呈现增加与减少趋势;公办与民办的学校数量和学生人数分别呈现减少与增加趋势。研究认为,农村初中布局调整已基本结束并且比较合适,农村小学仍然存在学校数量较多、学生人数较少、教学质量不高、教师压力较大等问题。为更加有效地规范和推进农村小学布局调整工作,需要把握以下几方面:态度要积极,步子要稳妥;加强农村寄宿制学校规范化建设,努力改善办学条件;整合教师队伍,合理调配教师资源。

The layout adjustment of rural schools initiated from the 1980s,and has been gradually increased from the beginning of the 20th century.However,some prominent problems appeared in the process of mergence and split ,so our country further standardized the layout adjustment of rural compulsory schools in 2012 .By a survey of the pres-ent status of the layout adjustment of rural schools in county M ,the paper finds that：the total number of schools and students tend to be decreasing;the total number of schools and students in counties and towns tend to be increasing and decreasing respectively;the number of schools and students in public schools and private schools tend to be de-creasing and increasing respectively .This study suggests that the layout adjustment of rural junior middle school has been completed and is fairly appropriate ,and there are still some problems in rural primary schools ,such as more schools and less students ,poor teaching quality ,and great pressure of teachers ,etc.To regulate and promote the lay-out adjustment of rural primary school more effectively , the following aspects should be taken into consideration：paying attention to a positive attitude and seasoned implementation;strengthening the construction of rural boarding schools standardization;improving school conditions by every efforts;integrating teacher team and reasonably alloca-ting teacher resources .