饮用水中隐孢子虫与贾第虫的危害及其去除灭活研究

Removal and inactivation of cryptosporidium and giardia in drinking water treatment

本文在介绍"两虫"即贾第虫和隐孢子虫的生态、危害及传播的基础上,综述了常规水处理工艺、膜法及组合工艺对"两虫"去除效果;分析了各种消毒剂和消毒方法灭活的优缺点,提出多种方法协同灭活将成为水消毒技术研究和开发的一个发展方向。预处理、絮凝、沉淀、澄清和过滤等常规水处理单元不能有效去除两虫,难以保证饮用水安全;膜过滤法两虫去除效率高,但大规模应用困难较大。而常规的氯消毒剂灭活两虫的效果不佳,臭氧对两虫的灭活效果优于氯和二氧化氯;UV能有效灭活两虫,但穿透力弱,UV灯管寿命短,运行费用高;US灭活两虫,能耗比较高。单一的消毒剂灭活两虫效果欠佳,采用多种消毒剂(方法)联合使用,通过协同作用,可达到较高的灭活率。

This paper introduces the ecology, harm and spreading of the“two worms” firstly, and then it sum-marizes conventional water treatment process, biomembrace treatment process and combined process ’ removal on the“two worms”;Also, the paper analyses the advantages and disadvantages of various disinfectants and disinfec-tion methods on the inactivation of the“two worms”,and it proposes that collaborative inactivation methods is the direction of the disinfection techonology indrinking water treatment. Pretreatment, coagulation, sedimentation, fil-tration and other traditional water treatment processes can not effectively remove the“two worms”,so it is difficult to ensure the safety of drinking water. In addition, the membrane filtration method can also be used to remove the“two worms”, but the cost is high, so it’s not suitable for large-scale application. The traditional way of chlorine disinfection isn＆#39;t effective in the inactivation of the“two worms”. While in the chlorine, chlorine dioxide and ozone oxidation, the method of ozone oxidation is the best for the inactivation of the“two worms”. UV method can inacti-vate the“two worms”, but ultraviolet penetration is weak and the ultraviolet lamp life is short, additionally, the lamb is easy to aging and the operating costs is high. Ultrasound is an effective way for the inactivation of the“two worms”, but it can＆#39;t be used in waterworks at present. The effect of single disinfectant is poor in inactivation, if several disinfectants are used in combination, we can achieve a higher rate of inactivation.