四川盆地以本土湿地植物处理农村生活污水研究及工程实例

Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment by Native Wetland Plants in Sichuan Basin and the Case Study

研究了芦苇、旱伞竹、美人蕉、香蒲、菖蒲及姜花6种四川盆地目前应用较广的湿地植物对农村生活污水的净化效果及对植株生长状况的影响。生物量和相对生长速率表明旱伞竹与芦苇生长最快,香蒲与美人蕉次之,菖蒲与姜花生长较慢。同时,6种湿地植物对农村生活污水中CODCr、TP、NH4+-N和TN的净化能力存在差别。人工培养箱试验25 d后,菖蒲对于生活污水中CODCr的处理效果最佳,使其由217 mg/L降低至39 mg/L,香蒲与芦苇次之,分别降低至45 mg/L与47 mg/L;菖蒲对于TP的去除效果最佳,使其由9.4 mg/L降低至3.7 mg/L,香蒲与芦苇次之,分别降低至3.9 mg/L和4.0 mg/L;美人蕉和姜花对于TN的去除效果最好,使其由21.9 mg/L降低至5.4 mg/L和5.6 mg/L;旱伞竹与芦苇分别使污水中NH4+-N浓度由15.6 mg/L降低至1.58 mg/L和1.62 mg/L。以避免选用旱伞竹、美人蕉与菖蒲这3类外来物种为前提,小型人工湿地工程可安全采用芦苇、香蒲与姜花3类本土湿地植物,农村生活污水经该小型人工湿地工程处理后,CODCr、TP、NH4+-N、TN、DO和浊度净化效果明显,可满足国家农田一类灌溉水质要求。

To treat rural domestic sewage,the purification effect and plant growth of six kinds of wetland plants induding reeds,cyperus alternifolius,canna indica,typha latifola,acorus calamus,and hedychium coronarium was studied in Sichuan Basin.Results of the biomass and the relative growth rate showed that the growth characteristic of cyperus alternifolius and reeds had the fastest growth,followed by typha latifola and canna indica,while acorus calamus and hedychium coronarium had the slowest growth.Treatment capacities of six kinds of wetland plants on CODC,TP,NH4＋-N,TN,DO and turbidity were quite different.After 25 days,acorus calamus worked best for CODCr purification with reduction from 217 mg/L to 39 mg/L,followed by typha latifola and reeds with reduction from 217 mg/L to 45 mg/L and 47 mg/L.Acorus calamus worked best for TP purification with reduction rom 9.4 mg/L to 3.7 mg/L,followed by typha latifola and reeds with reduction from 217 mg/L to 3.9 mg/L and 4.0mg/L.Canna indica and hedychium coronarium worked best for TN purification with reduction from 21.9 mg/L to 5.4 mg/L and 5.6 mg/L.Cyperus alternifolius and reeds worked best for NH4＋-N purification with reduction from 15.6 mg/L to 1.58 mg/L and 1.62 mg/L.To avoid using alien species including cyperus alternifolius,canna indica and acorus calamus,three native wetland plants including reeds,typha latifola and hedychium coronarium can be used safely.After the small wetland engineering treatment,the purification effect of CODCr,TP,NH4＋-N,TN,DO and turbidity of rural domestic sewage was obvious,which can meet the requirement of a class national farm irrigation water.