库尔勒香梨园地面覆盖对土壤含水量的影响

The Influence of Ground Coverage of Korla Fragrant Pear Orchard on Soil Water Content

[目的]研究果园土壤覆盖技术,为进一步提高库尔勒香梨生产效率奠定基础.[方法]采用几种不同果园土壤覆盖方式,用ECH2O土壤含水量监测系统对不同深度土壤含水量进行连续监测,分析土壤含水量的变化规律.[结果]各种覆盖方法均能减缓表层土壤水分的蒸发,提高了土壤表层的平均含水量,与清耕法相比,覆布、覆草、生草、覆网和覆膜分别提高94.74％、61.16％、52.63％、47.37％和15.79％.在0～20 cm土层覆布、覆草和覆网提高了土壤的含水量,覆膜和生草则降低了含水量.在20～ 60 cm土层仅覆布提高了土壤的含水量,其它均降低了土壤的含水量.[结论]覆盖可显著减少果园土壤水分蒸发,提高土壤表层含水量.在土壤深层,覆布的土壤含水量较高,清耕的较低.对库尔勒香梨园土壤保湿效果依次为,覆布＞覆草＞覆网＞清耕＞覆膜＞生草.

[Objective] This project aims to research techniques for orchard soil coverage to lay the foundation for further improving the Korla fragrant pear production efficiency.[Method] The water contents at the different depth soil layer was monitored continuously by ECH2O soil water monitoring system,which was based on several different orchard soil cover methods.The changes regularity of soil water content was analyzed.[Result] All coverage methods could slow down the water evaporation of surface soil and improve the soil water content.The average soil water content by covering non-woven fabric,covering grass,growing grass,covering sun-shade net and plastic mulching was increased by 94.74％,61.16％,52.63％,61.16％ and 15.79％ respectively,compared with clean tillage.In the 0-20 cm soil layer,the soil water content was increased by covering non-woven fabric,covering sun-shade net and covering grass.The water content was reduced by plastic mulching and growing grass.In 20-60 cm soil layer,the soil water content increased only by covering non-woven fabric,the other treatments reduced the soil water content.[Conclusion] All coverage methods significantly reduced the water evaporation of soil and improved the soil surface water content.In the deeper soil,the water content of coveting non-woven fabric was higher and clean tillage was lower.On the whole,the effects of all treatments on keeping the soil humidity of Korla fragrant pear orchard in turn were：covering non-woven fabric ＞ covering grass ＞ covering sun-shade net ＞ clean tillage ＞ plastic mulching ＞ growing grass.