农田土地退化监测评价研究

Experimental Study of Monitoring and Evaluation of Farmland Degradation

【目的】用新疆农田生态系统土地退化监测与评价指标体系,评价新疆北部博乐、精河、玛纳斯三个代表性农业示范区的农田生态系统土地退化状况。【方法】选择监测示范户381户,监测地块单元1 482块,监测面积1827.159 hm^2。采用详细调查的方法,于2011~2012年连续两年由土地经营者监测自己的土地退化程度,用10项农田生态系统土地退化监测与评价指标进行评价。【结果】示范区的农田土地退化程度稍有加重。各程度的土地退化类型间相互转移,轻度退化土地面积减少6.55%,中度退化土地面积增加11.81%。【结论】适宜、合理、可量化的小尺度指标体系,其评价结果能够反映监测农田土地退化现实状况和动态变化及变化趋势。

[Objective]This research aims to evaluate the farmland ecosystem land degradation of three representative agricultural demonstration areas in Bole,Jinghe and Manas of Northern Xinjiang with monitoring and evaluation indicator system of farmland degradation.[Method] The demonstration households monitored were 381,the area for monitoring was 1 827.159 hm2,which was distributed in 1 482 units.Detailed investigation method was applied to monitor the degree of land degradation successively by the land proprietors between the year 2011 and 2012 and 10 indicators were involved in the evaluation.[Result] Monitoring and evaluation results showed that the demonstration area of farmland degradation degree slightly worsened.Comparison of the data in the two years reached the result：Land degradation types alternated between various levels,mild degraded land area was reduced by 6.55％,and moderate degraded land area was increased by 11.81％.[Conclusion] The evaluation results can reflect the realities and dynamics and trends of farmland degradation with appropriate and reasonable and quantifiable small-scale indicator system.