重庆市自杀未遂大学生的自杀态度和社会支持系统的调查

Investigation of suicide attitude and social support system among college students with suicidal attempts in Chongqing

目的了解重庆市大学生中自杀未遂者对自杀的态度以及社会支持状况。方法采用《自杀态度与心理健康状况问卷》,在重庆市随机抽取的11所大学中调查9 808名大学生,比较有自杀未遂行为和无自杀行为的大学生在自杀态度和社会支持系统的差异。结果调查显示重庆市大学生自杀未遂的报告率为1.7%。有自杀未遂行为的大学生比无自杀行为的大学生更加肯定自杀的不可预防性、自杀的不可自我控制性、对自杀抱有正性的态度,并认为自杀能改变他人行为。而相对比有自杀未遂行为的大学生而言,无自杀行为的大学生更多的是歧视自杀行为、对自杀行为是负性态度、不认为自杀能改变他人行为及承认自杀的社会重要性。有自杀未遂行为的大学生社会支持量表总分、客观支持分、主观支持分及对支持的利用度均比无自杀行为的大学生的评分低,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。有自杀未遂行为的大学生,其自杀态度中,自杀的不可预防性、自杀的不可自我控制性、对自杀的正性态度与社会支持总分及社会支持中各维度的分值均呈显著负相关,自杀的社会重要性与社会支持总分及各维度的分值呈显著正相关。结论有自杀未遂行为的大学生对自杀更倾向于肯定态度,这部分学生的社会支持系统较差,提醒高校教育者和社会相关部门应加强自杀相关知识的教育,完善大学生社会支持系统,对有自杀风险的高危学生进行早期干预,以防止自杀行为的发生。

Objective To investigate the suicide attitude and social support system among college students with suicidal attempts in Chongqing .Methods To randomly select 9 808 college students from 11 universities in Chongqing and administer a self-con-structed questionnaire“Suicide Attitude and Mental Health Status Questionnaire”for analyzing the suicide attitude and social sup-port system of college students with or without suicide attempts .Results The reporting rate of suicide attempts was 1 .7% .The college students with suicide attempts consider that suicide is not preventable ,suicide is not self-control ,for the positive attitude to-wards suicide ,and think that suicide can change the behavior of others .People without suicide attempts are more likely to discrimi-nate against suicide ,the attitude to suicide behavior is negative ,do not think suicide can change others behavior and acknowledge the social importance of suicide .Compared to student who did not report prior attempts ,suicide attempts had significantly lower scores in total score for social support ,actual social support provided ,subjective perception of social support and the utilization of social support .There is significant negative correlation between suicide do not preventive ,suicide do not self control ,positive attitude to-wards suicide and social support scores and scores of each dimension in the student with suicide attempts .The social importance of suicide with social support scores and the scores of each dimension has significant positive correlation .Conclusion College students with suicide attempts tended to be more sure about suicide ,their social support system was poorer .It reminds college educators and social relevant departments to strengthen the suicide knowledge education and improve college students＇social support systems ,so that we can provide early intervention for high-risk students with suicide risk ,and prevent the occurrence of suicidal behavior .