私营企业参与背景下的日本都市公园管理体制及启示

The Park Management System and Inspiration under the Background of Private Sector Participation in Japan

随着社会的发展和进步,我国城市公园逐步实行免费开放。城市公园的管理如何应对社会变化,充分体现并提高其社会服务功能是一个值得探讨的话题。公园社会化管理是现代城市多元化管理的重要组成部分,也是公园管理发展的必然趋势。为了更好地应对我国城市公园社会化管理中所呈现的问题和困惑,试图通过文献整理和对比,在简要梳理日本战后都市公园管理体制的基础上,着重分析和思考日本政府在引入私营企业参与公园管理方面所作的探索与变革,从规划、实施、评价和技术4个层面阐述其在重构管理体系方面的途径和手法,并提炼其3个主要变革特征,从而提出在管理理念、管理目标、管理手段3方面可借鉴的思路和经验。

With the social development and progress, modern urban parks have been gradually opened freely. How to deal with the social changes of urban park management, fully embody and improve their social services is a topic worth exploring. Park community management is an important part of modern urban diversity management, but also the inevitable trend of development of park management. In order to better cope with the problems and difficulties in management of the park socialization, this paper is based on arranging the city park management system of post-war in Japan through literature review and comparison, and analysis and reflection focusing on exploration and changes about the Japanese government introducing private sector participation in the management of the park. This paper will describe approach and content of the reconstruction management system from planning, implementation, evaluation and technical four levels of the status of the current park management in Japan, and refining three main characteristics in changing, and finally it raise the ideas and experience which could be of reference value.