中国风景名胜区30年发展历程演变探析

The Development and Evolution of Famous Scenic Sites in China in the Past Thirty Years

梳理了我国风景名胜区30年的发展历程,并将其分为3个阶段。1982—1991年的初创时期初步建立了风景名胜区制度,形成国家所有、属地管理的模式,关键问题是协调管理、土地管理和资金来源。1992—2002年的发展时期,风景名胜区呈现"城市化""商业化"和"人工化"现象,关键问题是规划编制滞后和管理机构政企不分。2003—2013年的整治与规范化时期,综合整治工作和《风景名胜区条例》提高了管理机构能力,规范了规划编制与实施以及建设活动管理。在新的历史时期,我国风景名胜区要成为生态文明建设的载体。

This paper attempts to delineate the development trajectory of China＇s scenic sites, and address the key problems at different stages. The 1982-1991 period witnessed the establishment of the scenic sites system characterized by state ownership and localized management. The key problems were coordination, land use, and sources of funds. From 1992 to 2002, famous scenic sites underwent a wave of urbanization, commercialization, and artificiality. The key problems were planning delay, and the mixed functions of government and enterprises in the regulation agencies. In the period of 2003-2013, the comprehensive improvement of famous scenic sites and the issue of the Regulations on Scenic and Historic Sites enhanced the capabilities of regulation agencies, formalized the process of planning formulation and implementation, and strengthened the management of construction activities. In the new historical period, famous scenic sites in China shall serve as the carrier of ecological civilization.