苏州地区白沙枇杷果实性状调查研究

Investigation of Loquat[Eriobotrya japonica(Thunb. ) Lindl] Fruit Characters of Suzhou Area

[目的]针对苏州地区主栽的9个白沙枇杷[Eriobotry japonica（Thunb.）Lindl]品种果实性状进行调查研究,为今后更科学地开展枇杷新品种的选育提供理论依据.[方法]9个白沙枇杷品种分别为冬瓜种、苏白1号、照种、白玉、宁海白、冠玉、东山3号、西山1粒核、丰玉,对其果实单果重、可溶性固形物含量、果实纵径、果实横径、果形指数、果皮色泽、果肉颜色、果核粒数、果梗粗细、可食率、果皮重、果核重12个果实性状进行调查研究.[结果]单果重在24.3～45.7 g,可溶性固形物含量在12.2％ ～ 15.5％,果核粒数2.2 ～4.8个,可食率在76.3％ ～ 67.5％.其中,丰玉单果重、可溶性固形物含量、种子粒数等表现优异,但果核重、可食率却不理想,而白玉、宁海白、苏白1号、西山1粒核果核重、可食率均表现优异.[结论]在今后的选育工作中,有必要将丰玉、白玉、宁海白、苏白1号、西山1粒核进行杂交育种,以提高可食率.

[Objective]The aim was to investigate and study the fruit characters of 9 major loquat cultivars in Suzhou Area,and provide a theoretical basis for more scientifically breeding new loquat cultivars in future.[Method]Nine loquat cultivars were Dongguazhong,Subai No.1,Zhaozhong,Baiyu,Ninghaibai,Guanyu,Dongshan No.3,Xishan1 lihe and Fengyu,resp.,their 12 fruit characters,such as single fruit weight,the soluble solids content,fruit length,fruit diameter,fruit shape index,skin color,flesh color,seed number,fruit stalk size,edible rate,fruit peel weight,and seed weight,were investigated.[Result]The single weight was 24.3-45.7 g,the soluble solids content was 12.2％-15.5％,seed number was 2.2-4.8,edible rate was 76.3％-67.5％.Thereinto,Fengyu＇ s single fruit weight,the soluble solids content,seed number showed better,while its seed weight and edible rate were not ideal,but Baiyu,Ninghaibai,Subai No.1 ans Xishan1lihe＇ s seed weight and edible rate showed better.[Conclusion]During breeding work in future,it is necessary to carry out the cross breeding of Fengyu,Baiyu,Ninghaibai,Subai No.1 and Xishan1 lihe,to improve the edible rate.