论托马斯·哈代抒情诗的实质

On the Essence of Thomas Hardy's Lyric Poetry

由于受社会变革、宗教、科学、哲学及个人经历等方面原因的影响,哈代的作品洋溢着浓重的感伤色彩和悲观情调。然而这些特征又被另一种乐观的因素所冲淡。因而,哈代抒情诗兼具二重性,即蕴涵欢乐的悲伤,在他的诗歌中具体表现为:孤独中有宁静,忧伤回忆中寓快乐,基督教信仰与不可知论的碰撞,悲观主义与人文精神的征战,美与距离的矛盾。哈代抒情诗的感伤与悲观的实质是诗人现实诗风的再现。感伤与悲观并非他作品的精髓,忠于现实、反映对社会、对人类命运的思索才是他作品永恒的魅力所在。

Due to the social,philosophical,scientific,religious and marital influence,Hardy’s works are permeated with tragic atmosphere and melancholy.Yet Hardy’s pessimism possesses a duality.To be exact,when embracing pessimism Hardy instilled some lope in his poetry.The duality is embodied in the following way：tran-quility in loneliness,pleasantry in nostalgic recollection,the conflict between Christian belief and agnosticism, warfare between pessimism and humanism,and contradiction between aestheticism and distance.In fact,the es-sence of Hardy’s pessimism is the manifestation of his realistic feature.Pessimism is not the true nature of his works.Pessimism pervading Hardy’s lyrics shows his fidelity to his true feelings,his sense of responsibility to-ward his time,his probing and questioning of reality,including cosmic reality,but not ironical determinism, which a few critics have made them out to be.Needless to say,Hardy is one of the greatest realistic novelists and poets of his era.