论专属经济区海洋科学研究制度的新发展

The New Development of the EEZ Marine Scientific Research Mechanism in UNCLOS

《联合国海洋法公约》对海洋科学研究制度的规定较模糊。随着多极化趋势的增强与美国海军霸权地位的逐渐消退,沿海国出于海洋环境保护、自然资源的专属性开发、安全因素等的考虑而扩张对海洋科学研究的管辖权。依据《维也纳条约法公约》,嗣后的国家实践可为条约解释提供依据,甚至可能构成对条约的修订。这一实践可为我国完善专属经济区海洋科学研究制度提供借鉴,即细化军事测量立法、明确海警检查程序、通过加强海洋环境立法间接规制海洋科学研究活动。

The provisions on Marine Scientific Research （ MSR） are ambiguous in the United Nations Conven-tion on the law of the sea .With the growing trend of multi -polarization and the American maritime hegemony , the coastal states have expanded jurisdiction on MSR in consideration of the factors such as marine environmental pro -tection, natural resources exploitation and national security .According to the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, state practice can provide the basis for treaty interpretation , and may even constitute treaty modification . This practice can provide reference for the perfection of China＆#39;s EEZ legislation , including the refinement of military legislation , determination of coast guard inspection procedures , and the indirect regulation of MSR by strengthening marine environmental legislation .