氮肥施用时期及基追比对豫中地区小麦灌浆的影响

Effects of Application Time and Basal/topdressing Ratio of Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Filling of Wheat in Central Henan

为探讨豫中区小麦生产适宜的氮肥运筹模式,以矮抗58为试验材料,于2012—2013年在许昌县进行了田间试验。采用裂区试验设计,在全生育期施纯N 300 kg/hm2的条件下,研究了氮肥基追比例(分别为3∶7、5∶5和7∶3)及追氮时期(起身期和拔节期)对灌浆期小麦叶片生理和产量的影响。结果表明,不同的氮肥运筹对灌浆期小麦叶片生理及产量的影响具有差异性。其中,增加氮肥追施比例(3∶7)以及在拔节期追氮能显著提高灌浆期叶片叶绿素含量以及小麦籽粒干物质积累量,同时显著降低了丙二醛含量,进而延缓了叶片衰老,延长了灌浆时间,最终可促进小麦产量的提高。

In order to explore the suitable application model of nitrogen（N）fertilizer in wheat production,the wheat Aikang 58 was selected as materials and field experiment was conducted during 2012-2013 of Xuchang County in Henan Province. Through split-plot experiment design,the effects of three ratios of N basal/topdressing（3：7,5：5 and 7：3 respectively）and two applying times（standing stage and jointing stage）on leaf physiology and grain yield of filling stage of wheat were studied,and the total pure N was 300 kg/hm2. The results showed that different N application model had different effects on leaf physiology and grain yield of wheat. The basal/topdressing ratio（3：7） and applying N at jointing stage could increase the chlorophyll content,dry matter accumulation of wheat,and significantly decreased the malonaldehyde content of leaves in filling stage of wheat. Then leaf senescence could be delayed,the filling time of wheat could be prolonged,and therefore higher grain yield might be achieved.