国民政府外交部对日和约初步审议述论

A Study on the Preliminary Discussion of Peace Treaty with Japan Conducted by Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the National Government

1947年9月14日、19日、30日,国民政府外交部连续3次举行由国内高层人士组成的对日和约审议委员会谈话会,磋商中国参与对日和约谈判的方针,内容涉及日本天皇制的存废及天皇的战争责任问题、战后日本领土问题、美国扶日政策、和约起草顺序以及管制日本诸问题等,进行了广泛讨论,形成了国民政府外交部应对各种问题的初步方案。由于各种历史原因,这些方案后来大部分没有得到实施。日本利用美国有求于日本协助朝鲜战争的有利战略态势,依靠美国的帮助,修正、模糊,甚至改变了《开罗宣言》和《波茨坦公告》关于限制日本领土的重要规定,导致日后中日、韩日、俄日间诸多领土争议,美国对此负有不可推卸的历史责任。

In 1947, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the National Government summoned high-rank elites in the country and formed a review committee to discuss the guidelines in Peace Treaty with Japan. The committee held three rounds of discussion on the 14 th, 19 th and 30 th of September respectively. The talks covered topics such as the abolition of Japanese Imperial System, Japanese Emperor’s responsibility for the war, post-war Japanese territory, Japan-supporting policies of America, the order of Peace Treaty drafting and the control of Japan. A series of preliminary conclusions to deal with various issues was made after extensive discussion. Due to various historic reasons, most of these conclusions were not implemented. Japan used its strategic advantages in the Korean War, with the help from America, revised, blurred and even changed the crucial decisions on Japanese Territory in Cairo Declaration and in Potsdam Proclamation. This becomes the root of the later territory disputes between Japan and it neighboring countries, like China, Korea, Russia. The USA government has an inescapable responsibility on this issue.