常用新型抗癫痫药物对癫痫患儿认知功能的影响

Effects of commonly used new antiepileptic drugs on cognitive function in children with epilepsy

癫痫是小儿时期常见的神经系统慢性疾病。有研究报道大多数癫痫患儿的认知发育正常,但从总体来看,癫痫患儿的认知水平低于正常儿童。癫痫的认知功能损害主要表现为对外部信息的整合能力下降,其与癫痫发作类型、癫痫发病年龄、癫痫病程、癫痫发作频率、癫痫持续时间、病灶部位、癫痫的基础疾病/病因及社会心理等因素相关。一直以来,癫痫治疗最重要的目的都是控制癫痫发作,目前大量实验研究表明,新型抗癫痫药物通过神经传递、离子通道、第二信使以及其他环节进行调节控制癫痫发作,从而改善癫痫的认知损害,提高患者的生活质量,但也在某些方面影响患儿的认知功能。

Epilepsy is a chronic disease of the nervous system which is commonly eantraeted by children. The cognitive abilities of these affected children are mostly in an average level, but still lower as a whole than those of the normal children. The cognitive impairment caused by epilepsy is mainly reflected in the children＇s decreasing ability of integrating the external information. The extent of the damage caused by this impairment to the integrating ability can be decided by the epilepsy＇s seizure type, age of onset, affection process, seizure frequency, disease duration, lesion focus, basic diseases/causes that may lead to epilepsy, soeial psychology,and so on. For a long time,the most important objective of epilepsy treatments has been to take control of epilepsy seizures. A great deal of current experiments and researches has demonstrated that the theory of newly-invented anti-epilepsy medieines is to contain epilepsy seizures through neurotransmission, ion channels, second messenger and other links. In this way, the cognitive impairment is relieved and the patient＇ s life quality improved. However, one disadvantage of this treatment is its harmfulness to the children＇ s cognitive functions in some ways. Antiepileptie drugs through the neurotransmitter, ion channels, the second messenger, and other links to adjust control seizures. Thus reduee cognitive impairment of epilepsy, improve the quality of life of patients,but also affect children＇s cognitive function in some ways.