中国(上海)自由贸易试验区运行之合法性瑕疵及其补正——以国发〔2013〕38号文件涉海关事项为中心

Legality Flaws of and Remedies for the Operation of China(Shanghai)Pilot Free Trade Zone——Focusing on Customs Related Items in Guofa 〔2013〕38

国务院批准在上海设立自贸区,是我国深化改革尤其是进一步推动经济对外开放的一件大事。在此过程中,国务院所制发的国发〔2013〕38号文件是相当重要的一份法律文件。从行政法治的基本要义出发,国发〔2013〕38号文件涉海关事项由于违背法律保留原则等因素,存在一定的合法性瑕疵。直面以上瑕疵,需要我们从上海自贸区建设的实际出发及时补正。同时,更需要从行政法治的整体图景出发,探索规制行政规定的适宜制度,启用主动、积极的海关立法模式,通过相关立法部门制定《自由贸易区基本法》等方式对海关监管基本规则予以系统化。

The State Council’s approval of Shanghai Free Trade Zone is a big step in deepening our reform,especially in further pushing forward the economic opening up.During the process,Guofa 〔2013〕38,which was promulgated by the State Council,is a very im-portant legal document.From the spirit of administrative rule of law,there are some legality flaws in the customs related items in Guofa 〔2013〕38 because they are in conflict with the principle of law reservation.We need to rectify the above flaws from the practice of Shanghai Free Trade Zone.What’s more,we need to find suitable system to regulate the formulation of administrative rules from the whole picture of administrative rule of law.For that, we could adopt positive customs legislation model,and to systemize basic rules of customs su-pervision through setting up “Basic Laws of Free Trade Zone”and other measures.