潇湘水源地土地利用对土壤侵蚀影响定量研究

Quantitatively study of influence of land utilization on soil erosion in Xiaoxiang water sources area

为定量掌握不同土地利用方式下潇湘水源地土壤侵蚀变化,利用1998~2009年潇湘水源地附近站点气象数据、潇湘水库坝上月径流资料,结合水源地1986~2009年3期土地利用、土壤空间分布图和DEM,构建了SWAT模型。在模型率定和验证的基础上,定量研究了土地利用方式变化对土壤侵蚀的影响。结果表明,1986年和2000年,土地利用类型变化不大,土壤侵蚀以轻度侵蚀为主,林地和草地面积大幅减少,耕地面积大幅增加,导致土壤侵蚀模数增加。

In order to quantitatively evaluate the soil erosion change in Xiaoxiang water source area under different land utiliza-tion modes, the precipitation data, the meteorological data of Zhanyi Station, and the monthly runoff data of Bashang Station in Xiaoxiang water sources area were selected;by consideration of soil spatial distribution map and the land utilization map in 1986, 2000 and 2009 and DEM data, the SWAT model for Xiaoxiang water sources area was built. Based on the calibration and valida-tion result of SWAT model, the influence of different land utilization modes on soil erosion was studied. The result showed that the land utilization from 1986 to 2000 changed little, and the soil erosion was light. The ratio of agriculture area increased, but the ratio of grassland and forest area decreased, causing the increase of erosion modulus.