含能化合物合成中典型反应过程的热效应

Thermal effects of typical process of synthesis of energetic compounds

分别以尿素硝化制备二硝基脲、DATF氧化制备DNTF、DINA叠氮化制备叠氮硝胺工艺为研究对象,利用反应量热仪实验测定了三种典型单元反应过程的热量释放数据。结果表明,尿素硝化反应放热量为1.63kJ·g-1(以尿素计),最大放热速率为174.7 W;DATF氧化反应放热量为2.26 kJ·g-1(以DATF计),最大放热速率为64.7 W;DINA叠氮化反应放热量为0.88 kJ·g-1(以NaN3计),最大放热速率为90.1 W,同时获得各反应过程中的物料传热系数与比热容随时间变化曲线,为工艺设计与过程安全性研究提供理论依据。

The heat release effects of three kinds of typical reaction process of energetic compounds were determined using calorime-ter,including nitrification of urea,oxidation of DATF,azidation of DINA. Results show that,the heat of reaction of the nitration of urea is 1. 63 kJ·g-1 and the maximum heat release rate is 174. 7 W,the heat of reaction of the oxidation of DATF is 2. 26 kJ·g-1 and the maximum heat release rate is 64. 7 W,the heat of reaction of the azidation of DINA is 0. 88 kJ·g-1 and the maximum heat release rate is 90. 1 W. At the same time,the change curve of heat transfer coefficient and heat capacity of reaction system have been measured.