苍耳提取物对萝卜蚜和粘虫作用方式及解毒酶活性影响的研究

A study on the mode of insecticidal action and the activity of detoxification enzyme in extracts of Xanthium sibiricumagainst Lipaphis erysimi and Mythimna separata

采用室内生测法,研究了苍耳3种溶剂(丙酮、乙醇、氯仿)提取物对萝卜蚜和粘虫的作用方式及苍耳氯仿提取物对两种试虫的3种解毒酶活性的影响。结果表明,苍耳氯仿提取物对萝卜蚜有很强的忌避作用,当浓度为0.05g/mL,处理4h,忌避率达94.25%,48h忌避率为84.53%;其次是触杀作用,校正死亡率最高为67.24%,LC50为0.7420g/mL;内吸作用极弱。对粘虫主要表现为拒食和生长发育抑制作用,拒食校正死亡率最高达98.27%,AFC50为0.1985g/mL;72h体重增长率为-5.85%,与对照差异极显著;胃毒和触杀毒力较弱,LC50分别为0.8997和1.3070g/mL。苍耳氯仿提取物对萝卜蚜和粘虫的乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)有抑制作用,处理萝卜蚜24h及处理粘虫4h时,乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)抑制率最高,分别为37.55%和25.65%;对谷胱甘肽转移酶(GSTs)和多功能氧化酶(MFO)活力影响不明显。

The mode of insecticidal action and the activity of detoxification enzymes（AchE,GSTs,MFO）were studied using three different solvent extracts（acetone,ethanol,chloroform）of Xanthium sibiricumagainst Lipaphis erysimi and Mythimna separate.The chloroform extracts of X.sibiricum mainly expressed a strong repellency action against L.erysimi：the repellent rate was 94.25%at 4hwith a concentration of 0.05g/mL,while at 48 h,it was 84.53%;For contact toxicity,the highest mortality rate was 67.24%,and the LC50was0.7420g/mL;Systemic action was extremely weak.For M.separate,the mode of insecticidal action was mainly antifeedant and growth inhibition activity,and the antifeeding corrected mortality rate was as high as98.27%,and the AFC50 was 0.1985g/mL;At 72 h,the body weight growth rate was-5.85%,which was significantly different from the CK;Stomach and contact toxicity were weak,and the LC50 were 0.8997and1.3070g/mL respectively.The AchE activity of L.erysimi and M.separata was inhibited by the chloroform extract of X.sibiricum,at 24h（L.erysimi）and 4h（M.separate）,the inhibition rates of the AchE activity were the highest（37.55%and 25.65%）;The activities of GSTs and MFO were not significant.