苜蓿细菌性病害研究进展

Research progress on alfalfa bacterial diseases

综述了国内外在苜蓿细菌性病害方面的研究概况。全世界现已报道9种苜蓿细菌性病害,它们是由8种细菌病原引起的,这些细菌分属于6个属。其中由革兰氏阳性细菌引起的病害1种,即苜蓿细菌性萎蔫病(Clavibacter michiganensisi subsp.insidiosus);革兰氏阴性菌引起的病害有8种,即细菌性芽萎蔫病(Erwinia persicina),细菌性芽腐烂病(Erwinia chrysanthemi),根癌土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens),冠腐和根腐综合病(Pseudomonas viridiflava),细菌性叶斑病和细菌性猝倒病为同一病原(Xanthomonas campestris pv.alfalfae),细菌性茎疫病(Pseudomonas syringae pv.syringae)和矮化病(Xylella fastidiosa)。我国已报道危害较轻的细菌性叶斑病(X.campestris pv.alfalfae)和细菌性茎疫病(P.syringae pv.syringae)以及2012年新报道的细菌性芽萎蔫病(E.persicina)。本文归纳了苜蓿细菌性病害的种类及其特征;列举了病害的分布及其寄主范围;详述了它们的症状识别与病原表型特征;介绍了当前常见的苜蓿细菌病原鉴定方法,即形态、生理和生化表型特征鉴定,系统发育如16SrRNA序列分析以及自动化数值分析如Biolog自动鉴定系统。

Research progress on alfalfa bacterial diseases,both in China and overseas,are reviewed.Nine bacterial diseases of alfalfa were recorded in worldwide and they were caused by 8bacterial pathogens belonging to 6genera.They were alfalfa bacterial wilt caused by the gram-positive bacterium（Clavibacter michiganensisi subsp.insidiosus）,and 8bacterial diseases of alfalfa caused by gram-negative bacteria：bacterial sprout wilt（Erwinia persicinus）,bacterial sprout rot（Erwinia chrysanthemi pv.chrysanthemi）,crown gall（Agrobacterium tumefaciens）,crown and root rot complex（Pseudomonas viridiflava）,bacterial leaf spot and damping off（Xanthomonas campestris pv.alfalfae）,bacterial stem blight（Pseudomonas syringae pv.syringae）and dwarf（Xylella fastidiosa）.Alfalfa bacterial leaf spot and bacterial stem blight were recorded,and bacterial sprout wilt,a new disease,was first reported in 2012,in China.In this paper,the types of alfalfa bacterial diseases and their characteristics,distribution and host range are summarized and listed.The symptoms distinguishing methods and pathogen phenotypic characteristics of alfalfa bacterial diseases are detailed.The frequently used phenotypic characteristic identification methods for alfalfa bacterial pathogen were used together with 16 SrRNA sequence analysis and the Biolog identification system.