城市应急避难场所规划布局模型及实证研究——以咸阳市中心城区为例

The Model and Empirical Research on the Emergency Shelter Layout——A Case Study of Xianyang's Central Urban Area

从数学与空间模型思维角度出发,建立一套适合城市应急避难场所规划布局的方法体系.通过构建GIS分析模型和多目标规划模型,并引入城市规划路网、自然地形条件以及人员第一应急反应等修正因子,对模型进行修正,从而得到城市应急避难场所的具体责任区范围以及人员分配情况.结果表明,通过对各个模型的构建与分析,优化了城市应急避难场所规划布局的个数、位置和具体责任区范围.该模型适用于咸阳市中心城区城市应急避难场所的规划布局.解决了城市应急避难场所人员分配不均衡性及降低了灾害破坏性.同时,应加强防灾减灾预案,结合城市避难通道等进行规划布置.

From the mathematical and spacial model way of thinking,this paper is about establishing a set of approach system,which is suitable for urban emergency shelter layout.By building the GIS analysis model and the multi-obj ective programming model and introducing into correction factors,such as the city road network planning,natural terrain conditions,the performers’emergency first response,the layout model will get corrected,from which we get the specific zone of responsibility of the city emergency shelter and the personnel assignment information.The result of this layout model shows that it is suitable for the programming and distribution of the center urban emergency shelter of Xianyang City.All factors-the physiographic form,the personnel emergency response,urban road network taken into consideration,the application of the layout model solved the problem of uneven distribution of urban emergency shelter staffs and lowered the destructiveness of natural disasters.But meanwhile,the programming layout should be implemented by enhancing the disaster prevention and mitigation plan,combining with the city’s escape routes.The construction and analysis of the layout model has optimized the quantity,location and zone of responsibility of emergency shelters programmed.