最低工资与就业——基于动态均衡的观点

Minimum wage and employment——in view of dynamic equilibrium

考察最低工资与就业的关系不能仅局限于新古典理论,还需要从动态均衡的视角出发,根据其引致需求的特征考虑涟漪效应。决定就业最重要的因素是社会对产品的需求和企业家对市场的预期。最低工资会提高低工资工人的收入和社会的边际消费倾向,增强企业家的积极预期;同时,还会提高工人的劳动生产率,降低企业的监督和雇佣成本,在一定程度上弥补工资上升造成的损失,这都会对就业产生积极的拉动作用。

It is not appropriate to measure the impact of minimum wage on employment only based on Neoclassical Theory. From the point of dynamic equilibrium labor demand has ripple effects because it is a kind of derived demand. It is the demand for product and the entrepreneurs＇ positive expectations of market that decide the amount of employment. The minimum wage system will increase low wage workers＇ income and the marginal propensity to consume, strengthen the entrepreneurs＇ positive expectations of market. A higher level of wage must be associated with a higher level of productivity and a lower level of supervising and employment cost. These effects are beneficial to employment.