高原环境下藏汉族之间肺通气功能和血红蛋白比较

Comparison of pulmonary ventilation function and hemoglobin between Tibetans and Hans at high altitude

目的观察移居高原不同时间的汉族人群与世居高原藏族人群肺通气功能以及血红蛋白的水平。方法在海拔4300 m高原,以移居3年以内和3年以上汉族和世居高原的藏族青年共141人为研究对象。结果 (1)进入海拔4300 m高原3年以内的汉族青年的FVC、PEF、FEV1、FEF25-75%参数明显高于世居高原藏族青年,移居4300 m高原3年以上的汉族青年的肺通气参数与世居高原藏族青年无明显差异。(2)进入海拔4300 m高原3年以上汉族青年的血红蛋白明显高于当地藏族世居者,而3年以内汉族青年的血红蛋白与当地藏族世居者无显著差异。结论在海拔4300 m高原,世居藏族低氧通气反应钝化,红细胞无明显升高,世居高原的藏族对低氧的反应是建立在遗传和基因水平的。而移居的汉族人群通过加强低氧通气反应这一自身的代偿机制进一步适应低氧环境,但过度的代偿可能会对机体产生不利的影响。

Objective To observe the level of pulmonary ventilation function and hemoglobin between Hans and Tibetans. Methods At an altitude of 4300 m plateau,a total of 141 young people divided into the group A living on 4300 m plateau less than 3 years,the group B more than 3 years and the Tibetans group（ the group C）. Results（ 1） FVC,PEF,FEV1,FEF25- 75%parameters of the Hans within 3 years were significantly higher than the native Tibetans,and there was no obvious difference between the group B and the group C.（ 2） The hemoglobin in the group B was obviously higher than that in the group C,but there was no significant difference between the group A and the group C. Conclusion At an altitude of 4300 m plateau,native Tibetans have blunt hypoxic ventilatory response,but hemoglobin don＇t increase significantly. The native Tibetans response to hypoxia is based on the genetic and gene level,and the Hans strengthen the compensatory mechanism to adapt hypoxic environment,but excessive compensation may produce adverse effect to the body,such as secondary erythrocytosis and further aggravating anoxic.