士人与文人——文人画产生的社会学基础

Sociological Basis for Scholastic Paintings: Officials and Scholars

近人陈师曾认为:画中带有文人之性质,含有文人之趣味,不在画中考究艺术上之功夫,必须于画外看出许多文人之感想,此之所谓文人画。但是,究竟何为文人,他并没有做出清晰的界定。而且,他对文人与士人的复杂关系也没有明确的认识,甚至有时将两者简单地混为一谈。本文通过梳理士人与文人的演变、分化与合流的过程认为,正是具有文人属性的士大夫阶层大量地参与绘画创作,才催生出了文人画,并不断地推动文人画的发展演进。

According to Chen Shi-zeng＇s ideas, scholastic paintings mean that in the paintings you can find scholars＇ quality, interest and thoughts, and such paintings do not focus particularly on the skills in painting. But he didn＇t tell us what on earth a scholastic painting is. What＇s more, he didn＇t make clear the complicated relationship between officials and scholars, and he even confused the relationship. By an analysis of the relationship between them throughout history, it is concluded the officials, who are originally scholars, participate a lot in the composition of the paintings, and as a result, many types of scholastic paintings are created.