稠油催化改质降黏实验研究

Experimental Study on Visbreaking of Heavy Oil by Catalytic Upgrading

稠油催化改质是在350 ～ 400℃的稠油中加入催化剂,使其分子中的C-C键发生断裂,大分子变成小分子,稠油平均分子量降低,胶质和沥青质总含量减少,以达到大幅度降低稠油黏度、改善稠油流动性和实现稠油管道常温输送的目的.通过控制反应条件,可以抑制缩合结焦副反应.选择油酸铁作为催化剂,在较优操作条件下（油酸铁质量分数0.1％,反应温度370℃,反应时间30 min）,对稠油进行催化改质降黏.改质稠油黏度由原始的21 040 mPa·s下降到336 mPa·s,降黏率为98.7％,胶质和沥青质分别减少了11.3％和20％,饱和烃和沥青质分别增加了约16.1％和15.2％.凝点从20℃下降到-5℃,平均分子量从620降至450,有利于常温管道输送.

Catalytic upgradi catalyst should break C - ng of heavy oil at the temperature of 350 ℃ to 400℃, by C bond apart, turn maeromoleeule into small molecules, adding a small amount of the decrease average molecular weight of heavy oil, and reduce total content of resin and asphaltene. This leads to viscosity of heavy oil decreased greatly and the mobility of heavy oil is improved which achieves piping at normal temperature. It can restrain side reaction of condensation - coking by controlling the reaction conditions in this experiment. Viscosity of heavy oil is decreased by catalytic upgradi of iron oleate 0.1%, reaction ng using iron oleate as catalyst is under the suitable reaction conditions （ mass fraction temperature 370℃ and reaction time 30 min） in this experiment. After catalytic up- grading, viscosity of upgrading heavy oil reduces from 21 040 mPa · s to 336 mPa· s, and the viscosity reduction rate is 98.7%. At the same time, the contents of resin and aromatic decrease about 11.3% and 20% respectively, while saturated hydrocarbons and asphahenes increase about 16.1% and 15.2% respectively. The freezing point of heavy oil reduces from 20 ℃ to -5℃, and average molecular weight decreases from 620 to 450. This is conducive to pipeline transportation with normal temperature.