北京市通州区麻疹疫苗强化免疫前后麻疹流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of measles before and after supplementary immunization of measles vaccine in Tongzhou district of Beijing

目的分析北京市通州区强化免疫前后2年麻疹的发病趋势及流行病学特征,评价强化免疫活动的效果,为制定麻疹防控措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法分析通州区2010年10月麻疹疫苗强化免疫前后的麻疹发病情况。结果通州区2009、2010、2011和2012年麻疹发病数分别为77例、157例、9例和3例;2011-2012年麻疹平均发病率为0.43/10万,比2009-2010年下降了95.34%;麻疹发病仍有明显季节性,发病主要集中在3-5月份;地区分布以流动人口聚集地为主,强化免疫后各地区发病率下降均达到了88.02%以上;麻疹发病多为流动人口,主要由〈8月龄儿童病例和〉15岁的成人病例组成,强化免疫后,麻疹发病年龄双向移位现象更为明显。结论通州区麻疹疫苗强化免疫短期效果显著,麻疹疫苗强化免疫可以降低人群易感性,达到快速控制麻疹发病,降低麻疹发病率;根据强化免疫后麻疹流行特征的变化,成人、麻疹常规免疫前儿童和流动人口成为防控麻疹工作的重点和难点。

Objective To analyze the incidence trend and the epidemiological characteristics of measles before and after supplementary immunization of measles vaccine in Tongzhou district, to evaluate the effect of enhanced immunization activity, and to provide scientific evidence for measles prevention and control measures. Methods The method of descriptive epidemiology was performed to analyze the epidemiology of measles before and after supplementary immunization of measles vaccine in Tongzhou district,October 2010. Results In Tongzhou district~ the number of measles cases was 77, 157, 9, and 3 in 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012 respectively. The average annual incidence rate were 0. 43/100 000 from 2011 to 2012 that was decreased by 95.34% compared to those from 2009 to 2010. The seasonal incidence of measles was still significant, the incidence of measles was mainly concentrated from March to May. The regional distribution was mainly in the floating population center. After supplementary immunization, incidence rates were decreased by more than 88.02% in all regions. Most of measles cases were in the floating population, and mainly in less than 8-month-old children and more than 15-year-old adults. After supplementary immunization, the bidirectional transfer phenomenon for the age of onset was more obvious. Conclusion The short-term effect of measles vaccine immunization was significant in Tongzhou District. Measles vaccine immunization could reduce the susceptibility of the population, control measles rapidly, and reduce the incidence of measles. According to changes for the epidemiological characteristics of measles after enhanced measles immunization, adults, children not accepting routine immunization, and the floating population should be included in the key population of measles prewenrtion and control.